Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? Introduction Lessons. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9
k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! Create your free account or Sign in to continue. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. %%EOF
Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. Key Concepts. Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ
Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. !: H3d -:Cg
Zf d1 Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. Knowledge awaits. This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. hb```lJB Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. 3. a. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. Most African . Video Activity 7. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. PART 2: Video Activity . As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. View details . 293 0 obj
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hb```lRB Thanks for reading Scientific American. Scientists . The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . Thanks for reading Scientific American. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. Answers may vary. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. 6. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. Discover world-changing science. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? Selection for Tuskless Elephants. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. 6. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! endstream
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<. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. 2. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. endstream
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<. 7. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. endstream
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