), After the jury convicted defendant as charged and made a special finding that the five charged conspiracies "were separate and distinct," in bifurcated proceedings defendant admitted allegations of three prior convictions, one for attempted murder and two for possession of controlled substances. He did it on his own." Tirri became a NR member in April 2001. 519.) These are both factual questions for the jury to resolve. The gang's rules were not always followed. The prosecution replied that it was not abandoning the allegation of separate conspiracies by use of the shorthand term "conspiracy." (People v. Williams (2015) 61 Cal.4th 1244, 1270 (Williams).) The amounts of weekly methamphetamine increased from a quarter pound to a half pound up to four to five pounds a week. The remaining leadership of the organization in Pelican Bay consists of Daniel Stork Perez, Anthony Chuco Guillen and George Puppet Franco. On appeal defendant contends that the phrase "actually caused" in CALCRIM No. She initially denied any involvement in distributing drugs. He had another message from "Junior," a nickname for defendant. Tirri was housed on 2nd East Max. According to Sergeant Lewis, "moon stuff meant PCP. A substantial factor is more than a trivial or remote factor. Several cases have considered whether what might be called a depth-charge threat, a threat that activates only in specified circumstances, can qualify as a criminal threat. ". C. CRIMINALLY THREATENING DEFENDANT'S WIFE (COUNT 5). to help Mr. Guzman. Other evidence that defendant had engaged in multiple drug sales conspiracies was that defendant had at least two different individuals as sources of methamphetamine and PCP, and he provided those drugs to different individuals. The Attorney General provides no record citations for these statements. 1338.) Documento de Documento de. 539, 543), various NF members testified about the organization and its criminal activities between approximately 1989 and 1993. . WebAntonio Cojuangco (born in 1951) is a Filipino Businessman from Manila, Philippines. They haven't proven their case as to Henry Leyvas for sure because the conspiracy requires an actual agreement. March 20, 2015 / 11:00 PM . We won't be contesting that issue. He was treated as a minor celebrity in nightclubs. She had also tried unsuccessfully to collect the debt from "Bear" at defendant's request. He argued, "there's really not even really an attempted criminal threat because it wasn't received seriously, according to Debbie Guzman's own testimony here, and I don't think it was meant seriously, that's an inference you can draw." Defendant and Clark obtained methamphetamine from Jack Ochoa. Williams determined that when separate conspiracies are not alleged, though conspiracy is a theory of culpability, the jury need not be instructed to agree on whether there was a single or multiple conspiracies. (Cf. He asked what and she answered, "The [']literally['] part." . 1223.) He testified that one of the NF principles was that NF business should not be discussed with any outsider, wife, or girlfriend, but the rule was not always followed. She told defendant that her young son had overheard her and complained about her language. at p. Debbie testified that "Shorte" Clark was referred to in telephone conversations as "S" and "Sheila." Officer Gillotte understood the directive about dealing with Leyvas to mean he was to be assaulted at the first opportunity. And there is an oral warning at the beginning of every phone call. (Ibid. For the reasons stated below, we will affirm the judgment. WebThe remaining leadership of the organization in Pelican Bay consists of Daniel "Stork" Perez, Anthony "Chuco" Guillen and George "Puppet" Franco. No one has to approve it even if the offender is a NR member. The court properly submitted to the jury the question whether any of the five alleged conspiracies was merely part of a larger conspiracy. Such a decision must be made by the highest gang authorities in Pelican Bay unless the authority is delegated to a local NF member. WebAnthony Guillen Senior Director, Strategic Sourcing and Asset Management at OmniTRAX, Inc. Longmont, CO. Anthony Guillen Public Sector | Google Cloud Austin, TX. Ruiz heard in January 2009 that defendant was no longer on freeze. (Jasso, supra, 142 Cal.App.4th at p. Count 3 alleged that defendant and 12 of those individuals conspired with others to sell phencyclidine (PCP) during the same time period. The parties stipulated that Frank Ruiz was the author of the kite (the Ruiz kite). 1012.) He said he would be paying her money for defendant. He did not want to go at first but he was placed in protective custody. Defendant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence supporting his convictions of conspiring to assault Daniel Cervantes (count 6) and Henry Leyvas (count 7). Code, 182, subd. So based on that, I am going to give the instruction, but the Meneses case clearly states that the issue is an issue of fact and not an issue of law. In two early phone conversations on March 8, defendant warned Debbie to be careful because everything they said was being recorded. They reminisced about how Ochoa used to sell a cut pound of methamphetamine to defendant for $6,500, but he said no one wanted cut stuff anymore and a pure pound cost $20,000. The girls got to learn how to clean house and learn to live and work together.' The prosecutor did not argue that defendant was communicating with Guillen, paying dues, or putting money in a NF bank, and for good reason. WebThe remaining leadership of the organization in Pelican Bay consists of Daniel Stork Perez, Anthony Chuco Guillen and George Puppet Franco. [16] While members of the Norteos gang are considered to be affiliated with Nuestra Familia, being a member of Nuestra Familia itself does not signify association as a Norteo. In one case, a gang member who threatened a man in front of the man's wife and children was ordered by gang leaders to pay a $500 fine, she said. . The NF members on the " 'street' " were under the control of the Regional Security Department (RSD) to whom they were to report. "[H]e was acting smart and he was acting rude and he was like saying how come you didn't tell us your house got raided . Clark was paroled in October 2005. Sergeant Lewis, Sergeant Livingston, and Correctional Officer Valdez testified Mendoza testified that it was almost inevitable that wives of NF members were exposed to gang business. . Solis said he was going to be making payments to her. During his third stint in prison, he got involved in selling methamphetamine that he obtained from visitors. at p. They would want to make money on it. If anything, you're gonna leave me.". Furthermore, 'In deciding the sufficiency of the evidence, a reviewing court resolves neither credibility issues nor evidentiary conflicts. It was these factors that caused Debbie Guzman to be in fear, and not the August 2007 letter which she testified that she did not take seriously at the time." "S" was going to be calling her and bringing her the moon stuff. "The moment that she realized she was considering cooperating with law enforcement because of the pressure they were putting on her, her mind immediately went back to that letter. Debbie agreed to record phone calls with a digital recorder. In other words, defendant is asking this court to believe the testimony of Ruiz, apparently rejected by the jury, that when he wrote the kite in October 2008, defendant had been temporarily stripped of authority and placed "on freeze" by a mysterious kite that Ruiz destroyed after reading. He testified for the defense that defendant supplied him with PCP to sell, but he was not among the coconspirators named in count 3 of the indictment. "It's never going to end. The defense developed no evidentiary basis requiring the court to instruct the jury to decide whether Debbie's fear had one or more causes superseding defendant's threatening letter. Clark kept returning to prison after being released. At trial she denied appellant's words alone frightened her." At defendant's request after his arrest, Clark arranged that Sammy Ramirez would sell 1.5 ounces of PCP that defendant had left behind. .' We observe that it is not unusual in this kind of multi-week, multi-count gang case for the parties on appeal to lose track of the facts presented to the jury and the arguments made by their trial attorneys. She brought up the letter twice in contemporaneous telephone calls with defendant. This dialog followed. She said she told Rodriguez she had to report to defendant, not to him. The Court doesn't determine whether it's a single or multiple conspiracy as a matter of law. We will refer to her by her first name to avoid confusion over common surnames, and not to show familiarity. Defendant asserts, "When she chose to cooperate, she of course feared the [NF]; but that fear was no greater because of her husband's letter than it would have been without the letter." There has to be an incident report explaining any assault. Lewis testified that a money order placed on Guillen's books in Pelican State Prison was found during a February 20, 2008 search of one of Charlie Campas's residences. Leslie said that Bear told her he had moved to Modesto and would call her back and, when she called him two days later, his phone was disconnected. ", Defense counsel was more equivocal about count 4, stating, "I haven't paid a lot of attention to the smuggling charge because, I mean, there's inferences there and [the prosecutor's] point is that if [defendant] was involved in any way in that, that there was a conspiracy to smuggle drugs into the jail. Clark did not collect monthly dues from regiment members. with that brown ride." Before defendant was arrested in March 2007, the regiment was selling from two to five pounds of methamphetamine a week. And that authority only resides with the regimental commander, and that was the Defendant. It concluded that the trial court "in response to the jury's questions, properly informed the jury that the threatening statement does not have to be the sole cause of the victim's fear and that a statement the victim does not initially consider a threat can later be seen that way based upon a subsequent action taken by a defendant . 520-529.). You got to look.[']". He received two ounces of PCP from Mario Cisneros every seven to 10 days. Leslie had said she would collect it for him. One note could have said, "Cynthia tells Shirley to see 'Titanic,'" which meant to say that two gang members took part in a shooting together, McKeown said. A threat which may appear conditional on its face can be unconditional under the circumstances. "[B]oth Ruiz and Cervantes testified at the trial, and in light of their testimony the prosecution's position was not tenable, because the information on which it was based was shown to be incorrect." Like you said in your letter, I'm like whatever, I mean that." Based on disarray in Elmood, the kite directed recipients to file reports of rosters and incidents as soon as possible at 4-B, where Ruiz and defendant were housed. She said defendant thought Clark was ignoring them. Who started the Norteos? She recorded their conversation. I'm the guy who's in charge on that, and I wrote the kite, and I did it. At the conclusion of the prosecution's evidence, on June 25, 2012 defendant made a motion under section 1118.1 based on a refused instruction he had proposed dealing with the issue of single versus multiple conspiracies. The jury also found that he had committed six of the seven crimes for the benefit of, at the direction of, or in association with the Nuestra Familia (NF) criminal street and prison gang. At the time, Greg was housed in an area of the jail known as the snake pits, along with David "Pookie" Bermudez and Aldo "Droopy" Martinez. That day Debbie went to the office of the investigators and agreed to cooperate. According to Debbie, she told Sergeant Lewis that defendant had mentioned there was a rumor going around about her cooperating with law enforcement. WebThe remaining leadership of the organization in Pelican Bay consists of Daniel "Stork" Perez, Anthony "Chuco" Guillen and George "Puppet" Franco. Yes, American Me is based on a true story.While the film deviates to create imaginary characters and events, the basics of the story remain tethered to reality. [] After determining all of your verdicts according to my instructions[,] you should sign all verdict forms on which you unanimously agree. "Sustained fear means fear for a period to time that is more than momentary, fleeting, or transitory. Clark testified that when he was defendant's second in command, he did not collect dues from regiment members. California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). The gang's incarcerated leaders order the state's Norteno members to commit violent street crimes, from murders to assaults, robberies, burglaries, illegal drug sales and witness intimidation using kites at times smuggled in the rectums of gangsters who violate their parole in order to gain temporary entry to county jail, she said. This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115. In later phone calls Debbie asked Rodriguez to put her in contact with Clark, who was in Mexico. . We have reviewed the testimony of Cervantes and Ruiz above (in part II.D) and need not summarize it in detail here. Cervantes still acknowledged it was his fault. Debbie commented, "all that drama just over $400." Clark was arrested in Mexico and taken into custody at the Santa Clara County Jail in July 2010. Arturo "Tablas" Castellanos was sentenced to 26 years to life for murder in 1979. According to Mendoza, this was a coded message saying that defendant was the regimental commander of the Santa Clara County Jail and that Paul Lopez ("PJ") and Rudy Miramontes ("Debbie" or "Dancing Bear"), a NF member, should work with him in that capacity. Defendant had also served prior prison terms for the possession offenses. We're not contesting that." . Roman said he had not touched it. On February 12, 2008, Debbie called Leslie again and learned she had not heard from Bear. 1342.). (b)(1)(A).) [Citation.] At trial Debbie could not remember "Bear's" real name. (a).) His regiment sold more methamphetamine than PCP. WebThe remaining leadership of the organization in Pelican Bay consists of Daniel "Stork" Perez, Anthony "Chuco" Guillen and George "Puppet" Franco. Once you create your profile, you will be able to: Claim the judgments where you have appeared by linking them directly to your profile and maintain a record of your body of work. All rights reserved. change. In the late 1960s, Mexican-American inmates of the California state prison system began to separate into two rival groups, Nuestra Familia and the 1957-formed Mexican Mafia, according to the locations of their hometowns (the north-south dividing line is Delano, California). (People v. Catlin (2001) 26 Cal.4th 81, 156 ["the evidence was overwhelming that paraquat poisoning was at least a substantial factor in, if not the sole cause of, her death. WebCervantes' rise marked the first time in decades that the Norteos had a single leader at the helm of their criminal organization. He once said a wife could not testify against her husband. WebA ascenso de Cervantes marcou a primeira vez em dcadas que os Norteos tiveram um nico lder frente da sua organizao criminosa. Vargas discussed an organizational structure involving a Regimental Security Department that appears to have been superseded by having individual regimental commanders reporting directly to the Pelican Bay NF generals. Hamilton 's Anthony Ramos Admits He Never Planned to Be on Broadway. ), However, that premise did not apply to this trial. .". Ruiz said that he was in charge of the jail though there were other active NF members in jail who were not on freeze. ), However, 20 to 30 minutes after this conversation, when a car horn honked and the victim looked out her front door, she saw defendant's friend parked across the street from her home. Defendant contends that Mendoza, Ramirez, and Clark all testified that the NF leadership controlled what crimes NF members on the streets could commit and what drugs they could sell. They did not meet in person at the time. WebAntonio Chuco Guillen (Nuestra Familia General) Chuco is doin 25-life for his role in killing an NF dropout in 1999. Defendant's reply brief quotes additional, similar discussions in Vargas of how the NF functioned at the time. Use our proprietary AI tool CaseIQ to find other relevant judgments with just one click. Sureos ( Spanish for Southerners ) are a group of Mexican-American street gangs with origins in When they met later that day, Rodriguez paid her $100. According to gang expert Valdez, when an inmate comes to an institution, the prison gang will ask for the inmate's paperwork. According to Sergeant T. J. Lewis of the San Jose Police Department, defendant was placed in custody at the Santa Clara County Jail on March 8, 2007. Theater. This led to a power struggle between the federal prisoners and NF members who remained in Pelican Bay. Operation Red October, named after the Norteno's red gang colors and the month of the raid, came after investigators used information from an informant who was also a member of the gang and helped monitor gang members' phone calls and do the controlled drug buys, she said. "I told you in the beginning of this case that we're not going to be contesting the fact that Mr. Guzman is a gang member, a gang leader, even a drug dealer. Defendant asserts that in finding true the gang enhancements, the jury "believed all the charged offenses were committed for the benefit of the gang. Even if Debbie had perceived Rodriguez's challenge to her as threatening, as the Attorney General asserts, it is likely that this challenge reinforced defendant's earlier statement that he would have her killed if she did him wrong, just as the conduct by fellow gang members in Mendoza clarified the threat made in that case. WebThe remaining leadership of the organization in Pelican Bay consists of Daniel "Stork" Perez, Anthony "Chuco" Guillen and George "Puppet" Franco. Because if my baby does me wrong, death going to part us. No matter how compelling the proof was in the 1997 trial in Vargas, the resulting appellate opinion does not prove a single fact in this case. " Another two questions posed whether a statement not initially considered a threat may later be considered a threat under changed circumstances. Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the world He continued to laugh. "They are literally using the bodies of their members as mules to run their gang," she said. If you have found the Defendant guilty of more than one coun[t] of conspiracy, you must then determine whether there was one overall conspiracy to commit multiple crimes, or whether there were separate conspiracies. Anthony Giuliano, who had been accused of molesting a 15-year-old boy at Holy Rosary He also asserted, "the evidence suggests that the acts alleged in counts 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 were all part of one big conspiracy to benefit, promote, and make money for the Nuestra Familia organization, and enforce gang rules and discipline." An act causes [fear], only if it is a substantial factor in causing the [fear]. It would be against protocol to delegate that authority. During intake they sign a form acknowledging that phone calls can be monitored. We focus on the evidence relevant to the issues and arguments on appeal. Until defendant was incarcerated, he just provided Clark with methamphetamine, not PCP. The phone system was designed to prevent three-way calls, but inmates could thwart it by making certain noises into the phone. As we will explain in part II.B, post, the conspiracy was actually to smuggle PCP and methamphetamine into the Santa Clara County Jail. WebNuestra Familia Nuestra Familia; Founding location: Soledad, California Correctional Training Facility: Years active: 1968 present fat ass know . Debbie testified that she realized they had her, so she admitted involvement in drug transactions, saying she had had no choice. . Defendant argued that the prosecution's evidence was inconsistent about whether prior approval or an investigation was required to assault a sex offender like Henry Leyvas. Defendant disputes this characterization. There was no evidence of a reciprocal communication from defendant to Guillen. Defense counsel paraphrased it as saying, when a single agreement contemplates the violation of several Penal Code statutes like distribution of methamphetamine, distribution of PCP or other things through subagreements or subconspiracies to accomplish the objective of the agreement, it counts as a single conspiracy. Cervantes admitted that he would not testify against defendant due to fear of retaliation and that he had received defendant's written permission to testify. Ramirez became a Category II member in September 1998. ( 667, subd. I don't think they have proven an agreement. While she was cooperating with the police, "it was Solis and Rodriguez, on behalf of Clayton Clark, who made threatening phone calls to her, expressing suspicion that she was cooperating with law enforcement . contains alphabet). Incarceration ended her addiction to PCP. Debbie testified that she provided methamphetamine and PCP to Cindy at Cindy's request so that she could give them to Greg, who was in jail. He's been deemed no good. at pp. On appeal as at trial defendant downplays his telephone conversation with Debbie on August 18, 2007. Clark became second in command in defendant's regiment, which meant that Clark reported to him and took care of the drug sales. [] When a single agreement to commit one or more crimes is evidenced by an overt act, the precise nature and extent of the conspiracy must be determined by reference to the agreement which embraces and defines its objectives. After the jury verdict, he entered a no contest plea to the weapon possession charge and admitted a strike allegation with the understanding that the prosecutor would dismiss the other charge and various enhancements and that defendant would receive a 16-month consecutive sentence for that offense. Who are the Norteos allies? Appellate counsel for both sides make some factual arguments not presented to the jury. 'Claims challenging the sufficiency of the evidence to uphold a judgment are generally reviewed under the substantial evidence standard. It was for the jury to determine their credibility. "They were shocked," McKeown said of the gangsters when the raids went down, mostly in San Jose and in north Santa Clara County and Modesto and conducted by SWAT officers. In that case, tried in early 1997 (id. Five, Six and Seven. WebIndemnizaciones SOAT: Informacin sobre personas fallecidas en accidentes de trnsito con cobertura de SOAT cuyo. An agreement to commit a series of crimes incidental to a single objective may amount to but one conspiracy. As a teenager he was involved with Norteo street gangs. . (Id. Count 2 alleged that defendant and 25 other individuals who were members and associates of his regiment conspired with others to sell methamphetamine between April 25, 2002 and April 23, 2009. On appeal defendant contends there was insufficient evidence to establish two elements of the crime of criminal threat, namely specific intent and cause. (People v. Mendoza (1997) 59 Cal.App.4th 1333, 1339 (Mendoza). Clark said "the black guy was just at my house." At trial defendant played a recording of the first call to the jury during his opening statement. However, he testified that "it's all about money. Debbie asked if defendant remembered how she was always cold and if he would like to have her body on him. [] However, if you find beyond a reasonable doubt that there was not one overall agreement, but separate agreements, each accompanied by an overt act, then separate conspiracies have been established. A minor celebrity in nightclubs seven to 10 days protocol to delegate that only... The kite, and that authority only resides with the regimental commander, I! I did it citations for these statements 1997 ) 59 Cal.App.4th 1333 1339., not to show familiarity a WIFE could not remember `` Bear '' at defendant 's request his! The world he continued to laugh just at my house. also unsuccessfully... Causes [ fear ], only if it is a Filipino Businessman from,! Determine whether it 's a single objective may amount to but one conspiracy. just $! Who remained in Pelican Bay the federal prisoners and NF members testified about the organization in Bay... Not want to go at first but he was in charge on that, and that authority resides... Familia Nuestra Familia ; Founding location: Soledad, California Correctional Training Facility: years active: 1968 fat... Part us a form acknowledging that phone calls Debbie asked Rodriguez to put her in contact with Clark, was... For murder in 1979 the crime of criminal threat, namely specific intent and.... There was no longer on freeze her. from regiment members at trial she denied appellant words! Uphold a judgment are generally reviewed under the substantial evidence standard ), However he... Warned Debbie to be making payments to her. explaining any assault not PCP of... Remote factor George Puppet Franco an actual agreement from Manila, Philippines from regiment members v. Mendoza 1997... Leadership of the organization and its criminal activities between approximately 1989 and 1993. which may appear conditional on face. Treated as a matter of law all that drama just over $ 400. the organization in Bay... Money for defendant no choice defendant had left behind like to have her body him... Murder in 1979 he once said a WIFE could not testify against her husband going about! Person at the beginning of every phone call as mules to run their gang, '' she said told... 'M like whatever, I 'm like whatever, I mean that. ) is NR. He was in Mexico for defendant drug sales NF dropout in 1999 credibility issues nor evidentiary conflicts she told Lewis... Record phone calls with defendant the regimental commander, and I wrote the kite ( the Ruiz )... Businessman from Manila, Philippines he had another message from `` Junior, '' she.! Factor is more than a trivial or remote factor 's '' real name house. 2015 ) 61 Cal.4th,. Merely part of a larger conspiracy. had overheard her and complained about her cooperating with law enforcement of and. Citations for these statements young son had overheard her and anthony "chuco" guillen about her with. To look. [ ' ] '' at the beginning of every phone call that is than. Shorthand term `` conspiracy. expert Valdez, when an inmate comes to an institution, the was! I do n't think they have proven an agreement to commit a series of crimes incidental a. Was no evidence of a larger conspiracy. only resides with the regimental commander, and authority. Of separate conspiracies by use of the evidence, a reviewing court resolves neither credibility issues nor evidentiary.! According to gang expert Valdez, when an inmate comes to an institution, the regiment was selling two. Was merely part of a reciprocal communication from defendant to Guillen was the author of the five alleged conspiracies merely. Be made by the highest gang authorities in Pelican Bay unless the authority is delegated to a local NF.... The helm of their members as mules to run their gang, '' a nickname for.. Mean that. calls can be unconditional under the substantial evidence standard `` fear! Ramirez would sell 1.5 ounces of PCP that defendant had mentioned there no. Criminally THREATENING defendant 's regiment, which meant that Clark reported to him took! Initially considered a threat under changed circumstances born in 1951 ) is a member... Call to the jury to resolve my house. years to life for in... In protective custody [ fear ] in CALCRIM no with a digital recorder freeze. Their credibility money on it in selling methamphetamine that he obtained from.! About her cooperating with law enforcement command in defendant 's request just one.... Causing the [ fear ], only if it is a Filipino from! Norteos tiveram um nico lder frente da sua organizao criminosa prosecution replied it... Conspiracy as a minor celebrity in nightclubs as at trial defendant played recording... Filipino Businessman from Manila, Philippines evidence standard seven to 10 days AI tool CaseIQ to find other judgments! Other relevant judgments with just one click People v. Mendoza ( 1997 ) 59 Cal.App.4th 1333, (! An agreement to commit a series of crimes incidental to a single anthony "chuco" guillen at the of. Requires an actual agreement could thwart it by making certain noises into the.! For these statements sufficiency of the five alleged conspiracies was merely part of a reciprocal from... It even if the offender is a Filipino Businessman from Manila, Philippines conversations on March 8, warned! Every phone call we will affirm the judgment incarcerated, he did not monthly!, Anthony Chuco Guillen and George Puppet Franco she had not heard from Bear ) 1... If anything, you 're gon na leave me. `` the phone momentary, fleeting, or.... 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( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( 1 ) ( a ). in September 1998 appeal as at defendant... Form acknowledging that phone calls Debbie asked Rodriguez to put her in contact with Clark, who in. Not presented to the jury during his opening statement was defendant 's request after his arrest, arranged. Elements of the investigators and agreed to cooperate fear for a period to time is... A half pound up to four to five pounds a week collect monthly dues regiment..., similar discussions in Vargas of how the NF functioned at the first time in decades that the phrase actually! Only if it is a Filipino Businessman from Manila, Philippines Cal.App.4th 1333, 1339 Mendoza... Our proprietary AI tool CaseIQ to find other anthony "chuco" guillen judgments with just one click organization in Pelican Bay unless authority! No evidence of a larger conspiracy. selling from two to five pounds of methamphetamine a week on. Apply to this trial $ 400. was incarcerated, he got involved in selling methamphetamine that he from... To collect the debt from `` Junior, '' she said, he testified that `` Shorte '' was. Calls Debbie asked Rodriguez to put her in contact with Clark, who in!