In their imagination, its kind of like a more advanced, beautiful, and powerful place those are the words most common in Chinese peoples minds.. She builds forts inside the recyclables and rifles through Western magazines, piecing together clues about life beyond the garbage and enriching it with fantasies. However, the films relevance extends far beyond the issue of waste management. Plastic China focuses on materially ambitious factory-owner Kun, his employee Peng, and . They take her elsewhere, to a place where she can picture a better life, andmost damning of allit looks like this could be abroad. $2599 ($0.87/Count) Save more with Subscribe & Save. Anxious that rapid population growth would strain the country's welfare systems and state-planned economy, the Chinese state began limiting how many children families could have in the late 1970s. Initially Feng. She wanted to avoid the "family planning officials" in her home village, just outside Linyi, a city of 11 million in China's northern Shandong province, where the policy's enforcement was especially violent. Posted in Article, Work of Arts. That's up from 152 million ten years. Since 2014, Chinas household registration system (hukou) is being eased with a view to, among other things, give migrants better access to healthcare and education. As the biggest plastic producer on the globe, it should come to no surprise that China is also home to about a third of the worlds companies operating single-use plastic production facilities, with one of the biggest culprits being oil and gas firm Sinopec. Coca-Cola and PepsiCo, two major sellers of plastic bottles, have made sweeping sustainability commitments. An Arkansas man who received one of the mysterious seed packages sent to thousands of US residents from China planted them on his property and said . To compensate for this narrow focus, we need to look beyond the predominant reading. The British colony simply. Ng Han Guan/AP 0000016680 00000 n
{&L Q4t)o('aJ. Some scenes in the film take place in a dumpsite, where waste is burned in the open, or next to a river, where it accumulates. 0000001204 00000 n
China has imported 45 percent of the world's plastic refuse since 1992, allowing many other countries, including the United States, to dodge the question of how to process the unwanted material, a . For decades, China has relied on superficial policies targeting plastic to reduce waste in the country. Yeah, in China you'll meet tons of people who had siblings born while the one-child policy was in effect. Boost this article The global plastic pollution crisis continues to worsen every year. He saves his scant earnings to send his three-year-old son to school while Peng displays no such concern for his four, soon to be five, children. The target . of mismanaged plastic waste, and is the biggest offender of ocean plastic pollution. An Australian paper company called Pratt Industries built a paper mill in Ohio to take. The rationale for implementing the policy was to reduce the growth rate of China's enormous population. one-child policy, official program initiated in the late 1970s and early '80s by the central government of China, the purpose of which was to limit the great majority of family units in the country to one child each. But as these shocking plastic pollution statistics show, the world at large generates at least 350 million tonnes of plastic waste every year, making it one of the biggest environmental problems of our lifetime. hide caption. But some babies were alive when they were born and began crying. The news hit hard in the United States, which is home to about 60,000 children adopted from China, mostly girls. In China, plastic pollution is starkly evident . Immediately afterwards, he embarked on a new project. He lived in comfort and was treated preferentially by the Wei court. With almost a spooky resemblance to Wildenstein, the Bogdanoff brothers - like her - are still injecting and filling into their seventies. Once again, though, Wang has a holistic way of tackling the issue, and his real concern is Chinas changing relationship to the land under capitalisma broad project if there ever was one. Garbage collectors called rag and bone men ply the alleys of the cities, pedaling . It has been slow to completely dismantle its massive family planning bureaucracy built up over the past four decades. All the issues mentioned above are central to Wangs narrative in Plastic China. hide caption, "I had already had two children but my heart just did not feel right," says the woman, now in her 50s, who works part time in a canning factory. It was featured in numerous festivals outside China, and has won several awards. To compare, Europe produces about 19% of global plastics while North America is responsible for 18%. Beijing Besieged by Waste and Plastic China recall the work of Wang Bing (see Renard et al. "It has been so many years, and I have let the pain go," the mother of three says, eyes downcast. The limit in most cases was just one child. NPR isn't using her name to protect her identity because of the trauma she suffered. China Says It Will Allow Couples to Have 3 Children, Up From 2 The move is the Communist Party's latest attempt to reverse declining birthrates and avert a population crisis, but experts say it. In recent years, crackdowns have become commonplace in rural recycling hubs, largely due to pressure from authorities at the county level and above, and they often cause recycling bosses to lose everything (Schulz forthcoming 2019). Landfills stretch out endlessly, enormous hills of colourful plastic bottles loom in the distance, and what we can only presume to be toxic water run-off from the factory is what Jie uses to wet her hair before she brushes it. The ubiquitous and pervasive plastic can be found in almost all parts of our daily lives thanks to its convenience and low prices. A portrait of poverty, ambition and hope set in a world of waste. However, it is also strongly implied that Yijies gender played a role in her parents decision to neglect her education. In 2014, Wang released an early, less narrative but more explanatory version of his documentary addressed at the media, in which he clearly frames the issue as environmental dumping. We figured out that the waste wasnt necessarily Chinese waste, so I started to research what was behind this huge mountain of waste and all the dumping, and the fires, and smog, Wang told Inverse, through a translator, at Sundance. Another factor that justifies adopting a broad interpretation of Plastic China is the wide range of social issues addressed by Wang. This brings us to the topic of censorship. He came to the throne in 1908 at two-years-old and ruled until February 1912, when he was forced to abdicate. On average, only about. 04:22. "There is no use in trying to make sense of society. 0000010492 00000 n
First of all his film tackles the problem of labour exploitation. And I was carrying a camera, so it was especially tough at the beginning. 0000001781 00000 n
Kate Sheehy. After six months of getting to know two families who worked at one small plant, Wang was allowed intimate access to their lives. hide caption. If single-use plastic production remains at the current trajectory of growth, they could account for five to 10% of the worlds greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, further exacerbating climate change. Either the government is already losing faith in the reality of its implementation, or it needs a bigger budget for advertising. For decades, China's family planning policy limited most urban couples to one child and rural couples to two if their first was a girl. 0000010125 00000 n
It all started with a mint julep on a hot summer day. A familiar margarine packet among the mountains of rubbish in a backyard recycling facility on China. Along the belt, human workers pick and channel what is valuable (bottles, cardboard, aluminium cans) into sorting chutes. I came across many such sites while conducting research in semi-industrialised villages and small towns in Guangdong province in the mid-2010s. Among the films many harrowing scenes is that of Pengs wife giving birth to her fourth child in the Wangs garden, with what looks like a total absence of medical assistance. A magazine advertisement for the Sandals Resorts looks like paradise; catalogs with computer parts offer up opportunities to build paper versions of electronics she could never afford. Yvan Schulz obtained his PhD from the Anthropology Institute, University of Neuchtel in February 2018. One ton of unsorted waste was sold to China for about $9. "Our country's leaders did not want us to have children and I didn't know why, but we could not do anything about it," he sighs. It was featured in numerous festivals outside China, and has won several awards. , resulting in mounting plastic packaging. In another one, he explained, in reference to the films title that: The [word] plastic here has two meanings: first it refers to the plastic waste, but at a deeper level it refers to the weakness beneath our surface prosperity;the way plastic surgery only improves appearance, not the reality. In March 2018, China's environment minister at the time, Li Ganjie, noted that China used to import around 4 to 4.5 million tons of solid, unrecyclable trash. Why won't China remove all caps? It now collects its community's plastic trash and turns it into fuel. WUHAN, China Zhang Hai has a warning to World Health Organization-led scientists researching the origin of the coronavirus in Wuhan, China: Don't be fooled. "A very unbalanced population gender-wise has also led to a rise in property prices in major cities because families of men have bought apartments to make their sons eligible in a marriage market where there are millions of missing women," says Mei Fong, who wrote a book on the one-child rule. Mao's attempts to remove the family from the center of Chinese life ultimately failed, but not before destroying a few aspects of traditional culture. Plastic China by director Wang Jilang is a story of two families, one of which owns this plastic recycling facility while the other family is employed there. Additionally, China currently tops the list of biggest greenhouse gas emitters though the US overtakes it for emissions per capita. How much waste does China produce? Plastic China 's portrait of a migrant worker and his family, and the factory's ambitious owner, is touching and saddening, and puts a human face on the problems caused by China's rush to. hb```"qVta1 FsD As one example, importing one ton of recycled waste, the customs tariff is $2000 RMB which is about $300 USD. The suit led to an apology from the authorities in Linyi and a reduction in the kidnappings, beatings and forced abortions. Now they are stepping away from a plastics lobbying . By the time the reality show ended in 2007 after 52 episodes across four seasons it was tainted with low ratings and a lot of controversy. Work done by environmentalists Chen Liwen and Mao Da from China Zero Waste Alliance (ling feiqi lianmeng) suggests that waste management is either lacking or highly inefficient in the Chinese countryside as a whole, and that much remains to be done in this field (Chitwood 2018). "Despite all the overwhelming demographic evidence, they're saying, 'We need to control you,'" says the author, Fong. (Liu 2014). Single-use plastics are also made almost entirely from fossil fuels. In conclusion, Plastic China constitutes a broad reflexion on social problems and dilemmas in the post-socialist era. The film does not tell its audience how this situation came about, but it is easy to associate it with rural migrants generally limited access to healthcare. Yi-Jie is an 11-year-old girl who works and lives at a plastics recycling facility in the documentary "Plastic China." The plastics recycling industry had a high-profile spotlight in late January . The state-owned company was recently named the third-largest single-use plastic waste producer in the world, where in 2019, it reportedly churned out about 5.3 million tonnes of plastics. B!$H BBAZ[:]nu+n:utvw=vvw9}#AaH"\mAnirF~'U44`~4w~gqci)kJ As a grownup in China, I share a responsibility of finding ways to make the country a better place to live., James Camerons attack on Netflix gets 2 major things wrong and one right, Missing is a worn out techno-thriller less exciting than a doomscroll, Kingdom of the Planet of the Apes could be the reboot the franchise needs, By subscribing to this BDG newsletter, you agree to our. There were virtually no incentives to comply with environmental and safety regulation, and local authorities made little effort to improve the sectorin large part because officials at the village or town level had a stake in rapid, unbridled economic growth. It is important to stress that, while these features of Chinas contemporary condition can be observed in rural recycling hubs, they are not unique to these places. As a result of ocean plastic pollution, where plastics slowly break down into smaller debris and particles called microplastics, one study discovered that all 21 species of sea fish and freshwater fish from Chinese waters that were examined have ingested plastic. In the film, Peng Wenyuanwho comes from Sichuan province, belongs to the Yi ethnic group, and is almost illiteratecomplains repeatedly about his salary. We promise, no spam! This targeted Boosting helps us to reach wider audiences aiming to convince the unconvinced, to inform the uninformed, to enlighten the dogmatic. China implemented the policy of limiting each family to one child in 1979 to slow the growth of the country's population. It forces us to re-examine our waste habits and confront the reality that every time we throw out our beloved Tim Hortons coffee cups, we are poisoning our environment at an alarming rate. Even if I had to go to prison and endure beatings, in the end, these children were able to survive. In the U.S. alone, some 26.7 million tons were sent out of the country between 1988 and. One first reason why Plastic China should be considered as a comprehensive reflection on the contemporary condition in China is that this is consistent with the directors intention. 0000439946 00000 n
Then in 2016, the state allowed two children. 0000009053 00000 n
Much of the Western worlds waste was once bound for China. Even the plastic material that was already sorted to a finer degree was only $100 . That's pushing policymakers to consider raising the official retirement age currently 60 for men and 55 for women for the first time in 40 years. They must be in middle school or high school by now.". For instance, Gurao, once Chinas largest bra manufacturing hub, struggles with waste-related pollution of comparable gravity to that of neighbouring Guiyu, the countrys infamous e-waste recycling capital. Even before China's ban, only 9 percent of discarded plastic was being recycled, while 12 percent was burned. Thats the main source of outward tension in the film, though the squalor in which they all live is a painful commentary on the costs of rapid growth in such a stratified country. In response to those protests, the Chinese government drastically rolled back its strict policies for . Hand-picked stories once a fortnight. In June 2020, directed remotely by their parents in Italy and a cousin in Canada, the four siblings - then aged between 11 and 16 - traveled from their remote village in Xinjiang all the way to. Andy Wong/AP Back in the 1960s, more than 100 children - mostly abandoned, mostly babies and mostly girls - were brought over from Hong Kong to be adopted by British families. Midway through its annual session, China's ceremonial parliament is focusing on boosting the economy, building self-reliance in technology and further squeezing room for political opposition in Hong Kong. Married couples in China in 2016, were allowed to have two children, after concerns over an aging population and shrinking workforce ushered in an end to the country's controversial one-child policy. Plastic China: Directed by Jiuliang Wang. 03:15. A Chinese couple whose son was abducted in a hotel in 1988 have been reunited with him after 32 years. They did not officially register the last two to avoid paying a fine, but the father says he still paid a bribe to family planning officials to avoid further harassment. It is therefore not surprising that Plastic China is generally invoked, both within and outside of China, in connection with the global capitalist system that, for many years at least, allowed relatively rich countries to pass the burden of pollution on to China. By donating us $100, $50 or subscribe to Boosting $10/month we can get this article and others in front of tens of thousands of specially targeted readers. Its massive local plastic production further contributes to Chinas lion share of global greenhouse emissions mainly from coal production. Image by: Our World in Data. 0000003466 00000 n
The state-owned company was recently, named the third-largest single-use plastic waste producer in the world. your subscription today, Canadian Journalism Foundation Award for Climate Solutions Reporting. Plastic China (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ) is a 2016 Chinese documentary film depicting the lives of two families who make their living recycling plastic waste imported from developed countries. In 2017, China collected 215 million tonnes of urban household waste, according to the country's statistical yearbook. As mentioned earlier, China was the largest importer of plastic, taking in waste from many developed countries including the United States, Canada, Germany, and other Western European nations. ". This means that people eating fish have also been consuming plastics. 0000017207 00000 n
hide caption. During the reform era, this has prevented them from enjoying key rights and public services in their place of residence. Our current pattern of manufacture, consume, discard is creating a chain of exploitation; it exploits the workers making our products, it exploits us through merciless advertising; and it exploits millions of poverty-stricken laborers working for a pittance like . 0000018669 00000 n
For years, even social scientists have supported a widely held belief that Chinese . It was followed very selectively. Municipalities across Canada are struggling under the weight of the rapidly accumulating plastics with no plan in place to deal with them, and it will continue to worsen if we keep living the way we have been. He's the youngest of three children this mother had under China's. 9 U4W6}-+c\y^xu^`88^iY :\`PrAiSvF5f19/L2Jh206X In the 1990s, he says, family planning officials ambushed him in his home at night and beat him with sticks in an effort to convince his wife to abort their third son. This includes a ban on free shopping and carrier bags a 2016 survey data showed plastic bags in supermarkets and shopping malls has reduced by more than two thirds and a ban on the production, retail, and use of any plastic bag with a thickness of less than 0.025 mm. On January 1, 2019, a ban on plastic straws in restaurants and other service businesses began in Washington, D.C. Read on for the reasons . Now, the countrys import ban has pushed some developed countries to find ways. INVERSE 2023 BDG Media, Inc. All rights reserved. If Plastic Chinas message really boiled down to nothing more than a plea against waste imports and the pollution they cause, then the film would not be an obvious target for the Chinese censors. Not only does the country consume, at least one fifth of the worlds plastics. Plastic China focuses on materially ambitious factory-owner Kun, his employee Peng, and their families. Because many prioritized having a son over a daughter, orphanages experienced a surge in baby girls who were abandoned or put up for adoption. The photographer-turned-director's debut documentary, 2011's Beijing Besieged by. Climate. Many low-quality and contaminated materials are being redirected elsewhere including Africa and other Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam and Malaysia, which had arguably less capacity to prevent waste from contaminating their local environments. This film debuted two years ago, but its relevance is striking in the wake of Chinas sudden refusal to continue importing foreign waste. That same year, he expressed his intention to undertake a follow-up project on waste imports beyond plastics, which he tentatively titled Dumping Ground of the World (shijie de laji chang) (Liu 2014). The story of a girls sacrificed youth, in particular, works as an allegory that flies in the face of Xis watchwords and signature concepts of rejuvenation (fuxing) of the Chinese nation and Chinese Dream (zhongguo meng): Yijies life involves a toilsome present and an uncertain future marked by moments of hope inevitably punctuated by despair. "Women have it all figured out now they won't have more kids even when they're told to have more!" Some demographers in China argue that instituting birth limits was necessary for keeping birth rates low. An important implication is that improving the lives of the people who live in rural recycling hubs and engage in waste sorting and processing requires more than putting an end to waste importsespecially if imports are substituted with domestic waste, of which there is no shortage in China. 60 Pieces Disposable Plastic Plates Set, Premium Plates for Parties with Real China Design, Red Plates Set - 30 x10.25 Inch Dinner and 30 x7.5 Inch Salad Hard Plates Combo (Warm Red) 189. Among contributing factors was Plastic China (suliao wangguo, 2016), a documentary directed by Wang Jiuliang. $25,000 by April 5. 0000035823 00000 n
"Other doctors would artificially induce labor. Plastic pollution has long plagued China, along with severe air pollution. Wangs second film, Plastic China, depicts the life of two families of former peasants who make a living by recycling plastic waste of foreign origin in Shandong Province, and emphasises their wretched living and working conditions. It is against this backdrop that Plastic China came out in 2016. The ubiquitous and pervasive plastic can be found in almost all parts of our daily lives thanks to its convenience and low prices. Second, this prevents us from understanding why the film was censored in China, when the denunciation of waste imports actually fits with the Chinese states increasingly restrictive policies on this issue since the 2010s. 0000002606 00000 n
She carried her son to term while hiding in a relative's house. It is very clear that the families are living in unregulated, shockingly toxic environments generating severe impacts on the outside world; throughout the film we see such a staggering amount of garbage that a shot of sheep and a patch of plastic-strewn grass seems oddly out-of-place. Since taking office as president, Xi Jinping has striven to distinguish his government from the previous one. As research on plastic and its detriments on the environment increasingly pop up on our news feeds, its obvious that weve reached a breaking point. State media celebrated the news. Answer (1 of 4): 0Many of them lived peacefully as commoners, while many of them were unfortunately slaughtered. First, this narrow focus fails to do justice to the richness and complexity of Wangs second, cinema version of Plastic China, whichunlike the first version targeting the pressconstitutes a broad social commentary and critique. And so, ironically, now that people are allowed to have more children, they are increasingly reluctant to, because of the high cost of child care and education. But as these shocking plastic pollution statistics show, the world at large generates at least 350 million tonnes of plastic waste every year, making it one of the biggest environmental problems of our lifetime. Just like Beijing Besieged by Waste, the movie uncovers a gnarly scene beyond the cosmopolitan city. In China, plastic pollution is starkly evident, attributed largely to the fact that the country is the worlds biggest producer and consumer of plastics. It reveals the huge challenges faced by Xis project of poverty eradication (xiaochu pinkun). He's the youngest of three children this mother had under China's one-child policy. China had 1 million more births in 2016 than in 2015, following the end of the one-child policy. Chinese lawyer Chen Guangcheng attends a rally to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre June 4, 2019, at the West Lawn of the U.S. Capitol. to reduce and reuse their own plastic waste. :v9s];"vE\ j{G=vs=_qq/w?/uynBRBViW)42xP.itM"2HX SJXr/^$,^J_gHIum1$OL@*R*06T4W*[>ypNA-y6J]yPW6VV Experts warn of an increase in illegal dumping and incineration of plastics as prices for plastic scraps plummet in the wake of Chinas exit from the market it dominated. 43 0 obj
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Her job at a nearby canning factory refuses to hire her full time, she says, because she is a mother of three and needs to leave every afternoon to pick up her son from school. Fish makes up the majority of diets for many people in China. The aspect of the film that most stuck with me personally was how Plastic China depicted the poor standard of waste management in rural China. The film denounces values and behaviours that are nowadays increasingly associated with the pre-Xi reform era, but which are far from having vanished from present-day China, and are proving hard to shake off. This means that people eating fish have also been consuming plastics. In this rugged hardpan of north China known for poverty and coal, Zhang Yi had but two frail daughters to help scratch out a living. Today, the world produces nearly 350 million tonnes of plastic waste, which is projected to double by 2040 if no action is taken. In China recycling is done by the trash collectors who specialize in different kinds of refuse rubber, aluminum, tin, plastic, paper and either collect these materials by going house to house or sort through the garbage, selling what they find to traders. Much like The Swan, a show that ran concurrently . The plant manager, Kun, has his own dreams of one day owning a fancy car and heading back to the city, and desperately tries to convince Peng to send his daughter to the local school. "I really feel happy. Its no longer enough to be content with simply re-using bags or buying a ceramic coffee mug. Wang's second film, Plastic China, depicts the life of two families of former peasants who make a living by recycling plastic waste of foreign origin in Shandong Province, and emphasises their wretched living and working conditions. one of the fairly recent ancesto. 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