The base also hosted the 29th Fighter Interceptor Squadron, Air Defense Command from 1953 to 1968. The state also has five Micropolitan Statistical Areas, centered on Bozeman, Butte, Helena, Kalispell and Havre. Montana's teacher shortage has improved from the 2021-22 school year. The lone congressional district has been Republican since 1996, and its Class 2 Senate seat has been held by Republican Steve Daines since 2014. [211] For kindergarten through 12th-grade students, an "Indian Education for All" curriculum from the Montana Office of Public Instruction is available free to all schools. The US Department of Agriculture approved the first honey bee vaccine to target American foulbrood, an aggressive bacterial disease. Both members, however, were still elected at-large. [182], Montana has one city, Billings, with a population over 100,000; and three cities with populations over 50,000: Missoula, Great Falls and Bozeman. March 2 March 4, 2023. Archived from the original on April 6, 2016. The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks operate approximately 275,265 acres (1,113.96km2) of state parks and access points on the state's rivers and lakes. Vulnerable Montana senator won't commit to re-election bid: 'Retire or lose' says state GOP. Eastern Montana . Montana District Courts are the courts of general jurisdiction in Montana. Population (2020) 1,084,225. Job openings are down from 2,919 in 2022 to 2,700 in 2023, but there are still more openings than in 2021. In 1941, as she had in 1917, she voted against the United States' declaration of war after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Independent state agencies not within a department or office include the Montana Arts Council, Montana Board of Crime Control, Montana Historical Society, Montana Public Employees Retirement Administration, Commissioner of Political Practices, the Montana Lottery, Office of the State Public Defender, Public Service Commission, the Montana School for the Deaf and Blind, the Montana State Fund (which operates the state's unemployment insurance, worker compensation, and self-insurance operations), the Montana State Library, and the Montana Teachers Retirement System. These included a Native American language (64%), German (4%), Spanish (3%), Russian (1%), and Chinese (less than 0.5%).[224]. The extraordinary discoveries and reports from these expeditions led to the creation of Yellowstone National Park in 1872. Everyone wants the money and Other significant economic resources include oil, gas, coal, mining, and lumber. Essential Montana Stay A mix of the charming, modern, and tried and true. Montana Old West Ghost Towns Private VIP Tour - From West Yellowstone MT 2 Bus Tours from $350.00 per adult Indy 650 Snowmobile Rental 7 Rentals from $199.00 per group (up to 2) Combo: Scenic Drive & 2hr Snowshoeing Tour in Glacier National Park 2 Adventure Tours from $375.00 per adult (price varies by group size) Top Attractions in Montana See all The largest denominations in Montana as of 2010 were the Catholic Church with 127,612 adherents, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with 46,484 adherents, Evangelical Lutheran Church in America with 38,665 adherents, and nondenominational Evangelical Protestant with 27,370 adherents. The court hears cases arising under the Montana Workers' Compensation Act and is the court of original jurisdiction for reviews of orders and regulations issued by the Montana Department of Labor and Industry. Is Montana a good place to live? Highway 212, the primary paved route between the two, passes through the northeast corner of Wyoming between Montana and South Dakota. United States House Committee on Territories, Early Indian treaty territories in Montana, List of military installations in Montana, List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union, List of amphibians and reptiles of Montana, Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Treasure State Academic Information & Library Services, Gallatin College Montana State University, City College at Montana State University Billings, Great Falls College Montana State University, Montana Tech of the University of Montana, Bobcat Stadium (Montana State University), bison that leave Yellowstone National Park, Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport, Learn how and when to remove this template message, United States congressional delegations from Montana, city courts, justice courts, and municipal courts, American Tradition Partnership, Inc. v. Bullock, Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, United States District Court for the District of Montana, United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Montana, "United States Summary: 2010, Population and Housing Unit Counts, 2010 Census of Population and Housing", "UM Travel Institute: 2020 Tests Montana Tourism", Montana Office of Public Instruction 2010, "U.S. Navy submarine will be named U.S.S. 2022 Alpine Motel 909 West Yellowstone, MT 2022 Garden Wall Inn 350 Whitefish, MT 2022 SpringHill Suites by Marriott Bozeman 485 Bozeman, MT from $173/night 2022 Yellowstone Riverside Cottages 386 Gardiner, MT from $107/night 2022 Country Inn & Suites By Radisson 489 Montana has thousands of named rivers and creeks,[119] 450 miles (720km) of which are known for "blue-ribbon" trout fishing. The Montana Worker's Compensation Court was established by the Montana Workers' Compensation Act in 1975. There are junior ice hockey teams in Montana, three of which are affiliated with the North American 3 Hockey League: the Bozeman Icedogs, Great Falls Americans, and Helena Bighorns. Montana is one of the best spots in North America for seeing wildlife. East and north of this transition zone are the expansive and sparsely populated Northern Plains, with tableland prairies, smaller island mountain ranges, and badlands. Contents 1 Indigenous peoples 2 Louisiana Purchase 3 Lewis and Clark Expedition 4 First settlements 5 Military history 5.1 Fort Benton 5.2 Fort Ellis 5.3 Fort Shaw 6 Montana Territory 7 Indian Wars 7.1 Battle of the Little Big Horn 7.2 Northern Cheyenne exodus The table below lists average temperatures for the warmest and coldest month for Montana's seven largest cities. Senators serve four-year terms, while Representatives serve two-year terms. The historically mining-oriented communities of western Montana such as Butte have a wider range of European-American ethnicity; Finns, Eastern Europeans and especially Irish settlers left an indelible mark on the area, as well as people originally from British mining regions such as Cornwall, Devon, and Wales. Essential Montana Stay A mix of the charming, modern, and tried and true. [233], Montana's personal income tax contains seven brackets, with rates ranging from 1.0 to 6.9 percent. In 1909, Congress passed the Enlarged Homestead Act that expanded the amount of free land from 160 to 320 acres (0.6 to 1.3km2) per family and in 1912 reduced the time to "prove up" on a claim to three years. Hers was the only vote against the war, and in the wake of public outcry over her vote, Rankin required police protection for a time. [181], Montana has 56 counties and a total of 364 "places" as defined by the United States Census Bureau; the latter comprising 129 incorporated places and 235 census-designated places. Email agent. The first claim by a woman was made near Warm Springs Creek by Gwenllian Evans, the daughter of Deer Lodge Montana pioneer, Morgan Evans. Beginning in the mid-1990s, the state also had an influx of Amish, who moved to Montana from increasingly urbanized areas of Ohio and Pennsylvania. There is a single Workers' Compensation Court. Youth Courts have jurisdiction over misdemeanor and felony acts committed by those charged as a juvenile under the law. [59] The suppression of civil liberties that occurred led some historians to dub this period "Montana's Agony". Three former Montana politicians have been named judges on the U.S. District Court: Charles Nelson Pray (who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1907 to 1913), James F. Battin (who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1961 to 1969), and Paul G. Hatfield (who served as an appointed U.S. Painter and sculptor Charles Marion Russell, known as "the cowboy artist", created more than 2,000 paintings of cowboys, Native Americans, and landscapes set in the Western United States and in Alberta, Canada. The Montana Supreme Court has the authority to declare acts of the legislature and executive unconstitutional under either the Montana or U.S. constitutions. Job openings are down from 2,919 in 2022 to 2,700 in 2023, but there are still more openings than in 2021. Montana and South Dakota are the only states to share a land border that is not traversed by a paved road. The Continental Divide has a considerable effect on the climate, as it restricts the flow of warmer air from the Pacific from moving east, and drier continental air from moving west. The remaining seat was again elected at-large. Montana is the sixth coldest state in the nation and the eastern section of big sky country sees the chilliest winter temps. [245] The C. M. Russell Museum Complex in Great Falls, Montana, houses more than 2,000 Russell artworks, personal objects, and artifacts. Tracks of the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) reached Montana from the west in 1881 and from the east in 1882. Montana is an alcoholic beverage control state. All members are limited to serving no more than eight years in a single 16-year period. Montana eventually became home to the largest ICBM field in the U.S. covering 23,500 square miles (61,000km2).[74]. In 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down Montana's judicial nonpartisan election law in American Tradition Partnership, Inc. v. Bullock, 567 U.S. ____ (Sup.Ct. The property's value is multiplied by a tax rate, set by the Montana Legislature, to determine its taxable value. Montana is called the Treasure State because of its immense mineral wealth. [87] Due to the configuration of mountain ranges in Glacier National Park, the Northern Divide (which begins in Alaska's Seward Peninsula)[88] crosses this region and turns east in Montana at Triple Divide Peak. [173] Many Montana cities set heat records during July 2007, the hottest month ever recorded in Montana. In 1855, Washington Territorial Governor Isaac Stevens negotiated the Hellgate treaty between the United States government and the Salish, Pend d'Oreille, and Kootenai people of western Montana, which established boundaries for the tribal nations. The Montana Supreme Court struck down the nonpartisan law in 1911 on technical grounds, but a new law was enacted in 1935 which barred political parties from endorsing, making contributions to, or making expenditures on behalf of or against judicial candidates. [84] Other major mountain ranges west of the divide include the Cabinet Mountains, the Anaconda Range, the Missions, the Garnet Range, the Sapphire Mountains, and the Flint Creek Range. From 1889 to 1909, elections for judicial office in Montana were partisan. Montana and Canada share a 545-mile part of the worlds longest undefended (which means there are no soldiers or armies on either side) border. The court employs 12 permanent special masters. For other uses, see, "Big Sky Country" redirects here. The Office of the Commissioner of Higher Education acts in an executive capacity on behalf of the regents and oversees the state-run Montana University System. There they join the Saskatchewan River, which ultimately empties into Hudson Bay.[91]. Between 1988 and 2006, the pattern flipped, with voters more likely to elect conservatives to federal offices. [274] Fishing makes up a sizeable component of Montana's total tourism economic output: in 2017, nonresidents generated $4.7 billion in economic output, of which, $1.3 billion was generated by visitor groups participating in guided fishing experiences.[275]. Its capital is Helena. The deadline for a legislator to introduce a general bill is the 40th legislative day. [122] If Hudson Bay is considered part of the Arctic Ocean, Triple Divide Peak is the only place on Earth with drainage to three different oceans. [287] In 2013, AARP The Magazine named the Billings Clinic one of the safest hospitals in the United States. Many individuals claiming conscientious objector status from throughout the U.S. were sent to Montana during the war as smokejumpers and for other forest fire-fighting duties.[70]. However, public opinion grew increasingly negative towards them in the 1890s, and nearly half of the state's Asian population left by 1900. [325] Montana's population grew at about the national average during the 2000s, but it failed to regain its second seat in 2010. [192] The largest European ancestry groups in Montana as of 2010 were: German (27.0%), Irish (14.8%), English (12.6%), Norwegian (10.9%), French (4.7%), and Italian (3.4%). United States presidential election results for Montana. To become a certified teacher, Raymond took a test in her home and paid a $6 fee in gold dust to obtain a teaching certificate. Go Find Out Go Find Out, In Montana Montana is the kind of place that, just at the mention of it, sparks curiosity and fuels adventure. However, there are also a number of vibrant cities with a flair for cowboy culture. Primarily rural, Montana is home to national parks, miles of open country, an abundance of wildlife and spectacular scenery. These steady 2550mph (4080km/h) (or more) winds can suddenly warm parts of Montana, especially areas just to the east of the mountains, where temperatures sometimes rise up to 5060F (10.015.6C) for 10 days or longer. The largest reservoir in the state is Fort Peck Reservoir on the Missouri river, which is contained by the second largest earthen dam and largest hydraulically filled dam in the world. Still, there are some spots that stand out. This pattern shifted, beginning with the 1988 election when Montana elected a Republican governor for the first time since 1964 and sent a Republican to the U.S. Senate for the first time since 1948. Montana's only northsouth Interstate Highway is Interstate 15. GENERAL PROVISIONS Part 5. We love all of Montana! [28] By 1884, commercial hunting had brought bison to the verge of extinction; only about 325 bison remained in the entire United States. District Courts have the authority to enforce decisions of the Water Court, but only the Montana Supreme Court has the authority to review decisions of the Water Court. She referred to Butte throughout the rest of her career and remains a controversial figure there for her mixture of criticism and love for Butte and its people. However, farmers faced a number of problems. Known as Big Sky Country, Montana is an amazing destination for all those who appreciate the beauty of the great outdoors. The first constitution was drafted by a constitutional convention in 1889, in preparation for statehood. WASHINGTON, D.C. November 7, 1889 Most of the larger cities get 30 to 50 inches or 0.76 to 1.27 meters of snow each year. network. [54] In addition, small homesteads of fewer than 320 acres (130ha) were unsuited to the environment. There are 22 judicial districts in Montana, served by 56 District Courts and 46 District Court judges. Vulnerable Montana senator won't commit to re-election bid: 'Retire or lose' says state GOP. The state has robust recreational lake trout and kokanee salmon fisheries in the west, walleye can be found in many parts of the state, while northern pike, smallmouth and largemouth bass fisheries as well as catfish and paddlefish can be found in the waters of eastern Montana. The first territorial capital was located at Bannack. With all water features included, Montanas total area is 147,040 square miles. [139] Through the Missouri, these rivers ultimately join the Mississippi River and flow into the Gulf of Mexico.[140]. [222] Other languages spoken in Montana (as of 2013) include Assiniboine (about 150 speakers in Montana and Canada), Blackfoot (about 100 speakers), Cheyenne (about 1,700 speakers), Plains Cree (about 100 speakers), Crow (about 3,000 speakers), Dakota (about 18,800 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota), German Hutterite (about 5,600 speakers), Gros Ventre (about 10 speakers), Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille (about 64 speakers), Kutenai (about six speakers), and Lakota (about 6,000 speakers in Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota). For the song by Chris Whitley, see, Map of the United States with Montana highlighted, Reporting statehood from Helena: Full article text is. The 1889 constitution mimicked the structure of the United States Constitution, as well as outlining almost the same civil and political rights for citizens. [12] Other names, such as Shoshone, were suggested, but the Committee on Territories decided that they had discretion to choose the name, so the original name of Montana was adopted. Most of the eastern part of the state is prairie. The constitution of 1889 provided for the election of no fewer than three Supreme Court justices, and one chief justice. 624 sqft. [10] The name Montana was added in 1863 to a bill by the United States House Committee on Territories (chaired at the time by James Ashley of Ohio) for the territory that would become Idaho Territory. Our state profiles bring you all key population characteristics of your state and your county on one page. Montana did not see a large influx of immigrants from this act because 160 acres were usually insufficient to support a family in the arid territory. A second constitutional convention held in Helena in 1884 produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. [221] Spanish is the language next most commonly spoken at home, with about 13,040 Spanish-language speakers in the state (1.4% of the population) in 2011. [291] The capital moved to Virginia City in 1865 and to Helena in 1875. [201] The state's seven reservations include more than 12 distinct Native American ethnolinguistic groups. [47] In 1916, the Stock-Raising Homestead Act allowed homesteads of 640 acres in areas unsuitable for irrigation. The Clerk of the Montana Supreme Court is also an elected position and serves a six-year term. There are approximately 3,300,000 acres (13,000km2) of wilderness in 12 separate wilderness areas that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System established by the Wilderness Act of 1964. The 38th Annual Montana Aviation Conference will be held at the Billings Hotel and Convention Center located at 1223 Mullowney Lane, Billngs, Montana 59101. Montana is one of the best spots in North America for seeing wildlife. The coldest month varies between December and January depending on location, although figures are similar throughout. On November 8, 1889, President Benjamin Harrison proclaimed Montana the union's 41st state. Montana hosts numerous arts and cultural festivals and events every year. The state provides epic scenery, crowd-free terrain, a burgeoning food and drink scene, and some of Americas most breathtakingly stunning national parks. Each court member served a six-year term. In addition, Amtrak's Empire Builder train runs through the north of the state, stopping in Libby, Whitefish, West Glacier, Essex, East Glacier Park, Browning, Cut Bank, Shelby, Havre, Malta, Glasgow, and Wolf Point. [70], In 1940, Jeannette Rankin was again elected to Congress. One of the first teachers at the school was Sarah Raymond. Everyone wants the money and Montanas Official Tourism, Travel & Vacation Info Site If the horizon was endless, where would you go? State Symbols Official Designations", "St. Mary's Mission in Stevensville designated National Historic District", "Tester Asks Navy to Christen Submarine USS Montana", "Threatened, Endangered and Candidate Species in Montana-Endangered Species Act", "Trapping and Furbearer Management in Montana", "Upper Yellowstone River Mapping Project", "USGS Geonames Search Result-Montana+Stream", "Vermont Remains Top State in Capita per Brewery", "Welcome to the Montana High School Association", "Welcome to the World Ski Joring Championships", "Yellowstone in Winter: Current Management and Planning", List of Searchable Databases Produced by Montana State Agencies, Montana Energy Data & StatisticsFrom the U.S. Department of Energy, Montana State Facts From the U.S. Department of Agriculture, USGS Real-time, Geographic, and Other Scientific Resources of Montana, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montana&oldid=1134416842, States and territories established in 1889, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2020, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list, Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from June 2014, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from November 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2013, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from October 2020, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from August 2021, Articles needing additional references from February 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles with dead external links from February 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from January 2023, Articles with self-published sources from December 2017, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Total employer establishments: 38,720 (As of 2018. 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