Of the foreign-born population, approximately 42.7% were naturalized citizens and 57.3% non-citizens. Following Reconstruction, Tennessee continued to have competitive party politics, but in the 1880s, the White-dominated state government passed Jim Crow laws, one of which imposed a poll tax requirement for voter registration. [381] Known as "Tennessee's Main Street", I-40 serves the major cities of Memphis, Nashville, and Knoxville, and throughout its entire length in Tennessee, one can observe the diversity of the state's geography and landforms. WebMap of the United States with Tennessee highlighted Country United States Before statehood Southwest Territory Admitted to the Union June 1, 1796; 226 years ago (June 1, 1796)(16th) Capital (and largest city) Nashville[2] Largest metroand urbanareas Nashville Government Governor Bill Lee(R) Lieutenant Governor Randy McNally(R) Legislature [318] Tennessee is home to the two newest civilian nuclear power reactors in the U.S., at the Watts Bar Nuclear Plant in Rhea County. [46] After the French and Indian War, Britain issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which forbade settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains in an effort to mitigate conflicts with the Natives. A local activist group spent many years contesting the project, and in 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court sided with the group and established the framework for judicial review of government agencies in the landmark case of Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. In 2016, the element tennessine was named for the state, largely in recognition of the roles played by Oak Ridge, Vanderbilt University, and the University of Tennessee in its discovery. The Nashville market is the third-largest in the Upland South and the ninth-largest in the southeastern United States, according to Nielsen Media Research. [147] The TVA built several hydroelectric dams in the state in the 1930s and 1940s, which inundated communities and thousands of farmland acreage, and forcibly displaced families via eminent domain. WebTre Hargett was elected by the Tennessee General Assembly to serve as Tennessees 37th secretary of state in 2009 and re-elected in 2013, 2017, and 2021. [323] Coal production in Tennessee peaked in 1972, and today less than 0.1% of coal in the U.S. comes from Tennessee. [348], Tennessee is perhaps best known culturally for its musical heritage and contributions to the development of many forms of popular music. [97] After the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter in April and Lincoln's call for troops in response, the legislature ratified an agreement to enter a military league with the Confederacy on May 7, 1861. [180] Due to flooding of the Mississippi that has changed its path, the state's western boundary deviates from the river in some places. [303] Ford is constructing an assembly plant in Stanton that is expected to be operational in 2025. [419], Between the end of the Civil War and the mid-20th century, Tennessee was part of the Democratic Solid South, but had the largest Republican minority of any former Confederate state. [250] Memphis, with more than 630,000 inhabitants, was the state's largest city until 2016, when Nashville surpassed it. Tennessee State Government - TN.gov The Tennessee Conservationist Holiday Offer Request Your Free 2022 TN Vacation Guide Find a COVID-19 Vaccine Appointment Hub for Learning and Teaching Fiscal Year 2022-23 Budget The Tennessee Conservationist Holiday Offer Save on Conservationist Magazine Subscriptions! 1 thing for teams, and Mississippi State had plenty. It earned the nickname "The Volunteer State" early in its history due to a strong tradition of military service. The median household income was $54,833. [181] The northern border was originally defined as 3630 north latitude and the Royal Colonial Boundary of 1665, but due to faulty surveys, begins north of this line in the east, and to the west, gradually veers north before shifting south onto the actual 3630 parallel at the Tennessee River in West Tennessee. [218] The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers operate many hydroelectric dams on the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers and their tributaries, which form large reservoirs throughout the state. Department of Revenue David Gerregano, Commissioner 500 Deaderick Street Nashville, TN 37242 Department Contact Information [266] In 2020, Non-Hispanic or Latino Whites were 70.9% of the population, compared to 57.7% of the population nationwide. [278], As of 2021, Tennessee had a gross state product of $418.3 billion. [357] The state Board of Education has 11 members: one from each Congressional district, a student member, and the executive director of the Tennessee Higher Education Commission (THEC), who serves as ex-officio nonvoting member. Memphis 901 FC has played in the second-tier USL Championship since 2019. [242] They can be severe, and the state leads the nation in the percentage of total tornadoes that have fatalities. [88] Cotton planters used extensive slave labor on large plantation complexes in West Tennessee's fertile and flat terrain after the Jackson Purchase. [261] The state has been a top destination for people relocating from Northeastern and Midwestern states. [443], Tennessee is home to four major professional sports franchises:[444] the Tennessee Titans have played in the National Football League (NFL) since 1997,[445] the Nashville Predators have played in the National Hockey League (NHL) since 1998,[446] the Memphis Grizzlies have played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) since 2001,[447] and Nashville SC has played in Major League Soccer (MLS) since 2020. [379] These include the Mississippi, Tennessee, and Cumberland rivers. [203], West of the Cumberland Plateau is the Highland Rim, an elevated plain that surrounds the Nashville Basin, a geological dome. Along with projectile points common for this period, archaeologists in Williamson County have uncovered a 12,000-year-old mastodon skeleton with cut marks typical of prehistoric hunters.. [457] The state has one minor league ice hockey team: the Knoxville Ice Bears, which began play in 2002 and are members of the Southern Professional Hockey League. WebGet Your Free 2022 Tennessee Vacation Guide Get the latest on all of the music experiences and attractions across the state. km, the State of Tennessee is located in the South-Eastern region of the United States. [379] Of the state's highways, 1,233 miles (1,984km) are part of the Interstate Highway System. The state's highest point, which is also the third-highest peak in eastern North America, is Clingmans Dome, at 6,643 feet (2,025m) above sea level. [75][76] Tennessee was admitted to the Union on June 1, 1796, as the 16th state and the first created from federal territory. [350], The Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) is the primary agency that is tasked with regulating and maintaining Tennessee's transportation infrastructure. Local law enforcement is divided between county sheriff's offices and municipal police departments. [353][354] Nashville became known as "Music City", and the Grand Ole Opry remains the nation's longest-running radio show. [16] The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the nation's most visited national park, is in eastern Tennessee. The Tennessee River begins at the juncture of the Holston and French Broad rivers in Knoxville, flows southwest to Chattanooga, and exits into Alabama before reemerging in the western part of the state and flowing north into Kentucky. The executive branch also includes several agencies, boards, and commissions, some of which are under the auspices of one of the cabinet-level departments. [15] Tennessee has also played a major role in the development of many forms of popular music, including country, blues, rock and roll, soul, and gospel. Numerous African Americans were elected to local offices, and some to state office. [62] That same year John Sevier led a group of Overmountain Men from Fort Watauga to the Battle of Kings Mountain in South Carolina, where they defeated the British. After lawsuits by environmental groups, the debate was decided by the U.S. Supreme Court case Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill in 1978, leading to amendments of the Endangered Species Act. [462] The WGC Invitational is a PGA Tour golf tournament that has been held in Memphis since 1958. The husband of the Tennessee police officer fired for having sex with six of her coworkers is standing by his wife, the Daily Mail reported Friday. [127] Memphis became known as the "Cotton Capital of the World" during the late 19th century, and Nashville, Knoxville, and several smaller cities saw modest industrialization. [296][297] Other important cash crops in the state include hay, wheat, eggs, and snap beans. [151][152] The Clinton Engineer Works was established as the production arm of the Manhattan Project in Oak Ridge, which enriched uranium at three major facilities for use in atomic bombs. An estimated 2124% of Tennesseans are of predominantly English ancestry. [74] During this convention, the name Tennessee was chosen for the new state. [216] Its major tributaries include the Clinch, Little Tennessee, Hiwassee, Sequatchie, Elk, Beech, Buffalo, Duck, and Big Sandy rivers. [309] Tennessee also ranks as one of the largest producers of chemicals. [10], Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association, a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachian Mountains. Several suburban areas of Nashville and Memphis also contain significant Democratic minorities. WebTennessee's third-largest city perfectly blends outdoor recreation with urban amenities. [349] Stax Records in Memphis became one of the most important labels for soul artists in the late 1950s and 1960s, and a subgenre known as Memphis soul emerged. [273] Several Protestant denominations have their headquarters in Tennessee, including the Southern Baptist Convention and National Baptist Convention (in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (in Memphis);[274] and the Church of God and the Church of God of Prophecy (in Cleveland);[275][276] and the National Association of Free Will Baptists (in Antioch). [325][326][327] Mining activities in the basin resulted in a major environmental disaster, which left the surrounding landscape barren for more than a century. [366] The Tennessee Promise was created as part of then-governor Bill Haslam's "Drive to 55" program, which set a goal of increasing the number of college-educated residents to at least 55% of the state's population. [79] These soldiers, under Andrew Jackson's command, played a major role in the American victory at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815, the last major battle of the war. [240] The state annually averages about 50 days of thunderstorms, which can be severe with large hail and damaging winds. [397] Each chamber chooses a Speaker, who is elected by a joint session of the legislature. Tennessee Gov. The state averages 15 tornadoes annually. [218] The entirety of the state is in the Mississippi River watershed, except for a small sliver near the southeastern corner traversed by the Conasauga River, which is part of the Mobile Bay watershed. [77][78], Tennessee reportedly earned the nickname "The Volunteer State" during the War of 1812, when 3,500 Tennesseans answered a recruitment call by the General Assembly for the war effort. Tennesseans narrowly supported Warren G. Harding over Ohio Governor James Cox in 1920,[427] and more decisively voted for Herbert Hoover over New York Governor Al Smith in 1928. [136] Many residents of rural parts of Tennessee relocated to larger cities during this time for more lucrative employment opportunities. The state's industrial and manufacturing sector continued to expand in the succeeding decades, and Tennessee is now home to more than 2,400 advanced manufacturing establishments, which produce a total of more than $29 billion worth of goods annually. [205] The Eastern Highland Rim is characterized by relatively level plains dotted by rolling hills, and the Western Highland Rim and western Nashville Basin are covered with uneven rounded knobs with steep ravines separated by meandering streams. [383][381], Major airports in Tennessee include Nashville International Airport (BNA), Memphis International Airport (MEM), McGhee Tyson Airport (TYS) outside of Knoxville, Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport (CHA), Tri-Cities Regional Airport (TRI) in Blountville, and McKellar-Sipes Regional Airport (MKL) in Jackson. [106] The next summer, Rosecrans's Tullahoma campaign forced Bragg's remaining troops in Middle Tennessee to retreat to Chattanooga with little fighting. The University of Tennessee system operates four primary campuses in Knoxville, Chattanooga, Martin, and Pulaski; a Health Sciences Center in Memphis; and an aerospace research facility in Tullahoma. 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