Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Of the total 482 seats reserved for the Muslims in all nine provinces, the League could secure only 104. [8] The League's top performance was in provinces where Muslims were minorities; there it cast itself as a protector of the community. . [25] Regional parties kept the League out of power in those provinces with Muslim majorities while in the Hindu majority provinces it was unwanted by the Congress. In 1945 the British colonial government in India called for elections for the national and legislative assemblies. Out of the 491 Muslim seats, Congress could only capture 26. It had no offices and impressive membership at the grass-root level. In 1937, the league was not a popular and organized party. The Congress Working Committee suggested that it would cooperate if a central Indian national government were formed and a commitment were made to India's independence after the war. corresponds. All Rights Reserved. During this period, Hindus provoked Muslims' indignation. Even in Muslims-dominated provinces like Punjab and Bengal, they The policy and the programme that you are called upon to formulate and lay down involves the fate . [13], The Sind Legislative Assembly had 60 members. [2], At its 1936 session held in the city of Lucknow, the Congress party, despite opposition from the newly elected Nehru as the party president, agreed to contest the provincial elections to be held in 1937. In October 1937, a branch of the Frontier League was started in Peshawar; followed by branches at Hazara, Mardan, and Bannu districts in November 1937 and at Kohat in July 1938. 0000009488 00000 n
2008 or 2009 passout for applying to IT companies? www.ricrocket.weebly.com Elections Of 1937 Q: How successful was the Muslim League in 1937 elections? Success For Muslim community / Muslim League First major election fought which helped to unify the Muslim League; Saw that their support laid in areas where the Muslim community was in minority rather than in majority, enabling more informed future planning; Recognition of a need to 'make over' the Muslim League to progress. It also demonstrated the provincial moorings of Muslim politics. %PDF-1.3
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The success of provincial parties like the For they did not allow Muslims to know about the purpose of the formation of the league. In the League?s election campaign, the most decisive was the role of four groups: students, the pro-League ulema, Muslim journalists and businessmen. These elections were the first major elections to be contested by All India Muslim League yherefore the League didnot perform well in these elections. Elections were held in eleven provinces - Madras, Central Provinces, Bihar, Orissa, the United Provinces, the Bombay Presidency, Assam, the North-West Frontier Province, Bengal, Punjab and Sind. In the elections held in 1937, the Muslim League had an astounding performance in Bengal. 2. The elections to the provincial legislature under the Act of 1935 were held early in 1937; over 54% went to the polls. This was a depressing result for a party, which considered itself to be the main representative of the Muslims of . I hope that the provincial, district and primary Muslim Leagues all over India will hold public meetings and pass the resolution with such modification as they may be advised, and after Jumma prayers offer prayers by way of thanksgiving for being delivered from the unjust Congress regime. 0000005443 00000 n
The extent of the League's success in Muslim constituencies in 1945-6 can be gauged from the fact that it won 76 per cent of the total Muslim vote in India- a very far cry indeed from the 4.8 per cent it had obtained in 1937! They thought Muslim businessmen, landlords, and religious clerics wanted to reinforce their position in the name of Muslims. Your email address will not be published. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". shifted from aristocrats and princes to true leaders of the people. But the elections demonstrated that of the 482 Muslim seats the Congress had contested just 58 of them and won only 26 of those. UK: 30 January 1937 Finland: 8 August 1937 The 1940's Pakistan Resolution proved a uniting force for the Muslims who were now thinking differently. Hb```f`` ,@Q 0000081146 00000 n
Government of India Act 1935 provided representative government at the provincial level. However, Ayesha Jalal argues that this was because of a change of allegiance at the top (Muslim landlords deciding to support the League instead of the disorganised National Agriculturalist Party) rather than popular support within the province. The Muslim League fared better in the Muslim-minority United Provinces, winning 27 out of 64 seats reserved for Muslims. culture. Sweden: 12 March 1937, Continue Learning about Movies & Television. It This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Party branches increased after the 1937 elections, by mid . The Muslim League contested the elections to various legislative bodies but achieved moderate success. It was a driving force behind the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state on the Indian subcontinent. Muslim league was confronted with the fact that Hindu majority provinces would be ruled by Hindus but Muslim league would not rule the largest provinces with Muslim majorities: Bengal and Punjab. The common Muslims saw the league leaders as aristocrats - landlords, businessmen . 1. Reasons responsible for the failure of the All India Muslim League in the elections were as follows: 1. How do the protagonist assert conflicts and resolutions on the hierarchical state of affairs of the country. Image of the party was restored when leadership The erosion of Muslim identity and culture. Being well organized and a widespread party the congress was able to run an effective election campaign and to win both Muslims and Hindu votes. USA: 22 August 1937 (New York City, New York) (premiere) How successful was the Muslim league in the 1937 elections? The Muslim League under Mohammad Ali Jinnah strived to introduce reforms to bring it at par with other provinces. I wish the Musalmans all over India to observe Friday 22 December as the "Day of Deliverance" and thanksgiving as a mark of relief that the Congress regime has at last ceased to function. The Congress Muslims achieved 6 percent of them. Khalsa National Board and Hindu Election Board also gave their support to Unionist Party. Thus a prior bitter experience would have compelled Muslims to revisit their decision to vote for Congress. c1 count (c1). The 1937 elections did not go too well for the All-India Muslim League at all. It realized that it had to improve its organization and planning . ALL-INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUEALL-INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE In 1885 the All-India National Congress (INC or Congress) was created as a political party. all the parties and, were not the sole party representing Muslims, After result Unionist Party under the leadership of Sikandar Hayat Khan formed the Government. 0000010120 00000 n
Muslim league at that time lacked strong leadership as their greatest leaders were not there to support them, such as Quaid e Azam (disheartened by Muslim's behaviour) and Allama Iqbal (who was seriously ill) 2. Muslim League as an inorganized Political Party, how many seats reserved for muslim league in 1945 elections, how successful was the muslim league in the 1937 elections? The muslims didnot realize that the hindus would dominate them. Only 109 of the 482 seats set aside for Muslims were secured by the League. 0000004567 00000 n
This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Muslim League captured around 25 percent of the seats reserved for Muslims. [23], Jinnah took a nationalist stance and emulated the Congress' electoral campaign and appointed Muslim League Parliamentary Boards for the 1937 elections. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. Muslims had come to this realization that congress only represented Hindus and planned to impose Hindu Raj in India. The 1940s were a turning point for the All India Muslim League. Approximately 30 million people, among them some women, gained voting rights. The literature on electoral behaviour shows that there is a . What was the role of All India Muslim League in the struggle movement for Pakistan? The league could win only 44% of total Muslim votes. What were the demands of Muslim League in 1946? It is not one's own choice. 0 Answers
provinces in which they formed governments, whereas the Muslims RACE? Congress Ministries (1937-1939) Even though Muslim League and Congress were against the Government of India Act 1935, yet it was implemented in the winter of 1937. the Simla Conference in 1945, the communal divide was much greater. After failures of Gandhi-Jinnah talks in 1944 and the Simla Conference in 1945, the communal divide was much greater. The Krishak Praja party also did well in Bengal and joined hands with the League, despite the fact that this meant diluting many of its demands. The 1940's "Congress-Muslim League tussle 1937-40: a critical analysis", Aakar Books, 2003, pp 90, 1937 Madras Presidency legislative assembly election, Madras Presidency legislative council election, 1937, Role of Sir Abdullah Haroon in Politics of Sindh (18721942), Schwartzberg Atlas - Digital South Asia Library, "Lecture by Prof. Stanley Wolpert: Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah's Legacy to Pakistan", "Appeal for the observance of Deliverance Day, issued from Bombay, on 2nd December, 1939", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1937_Indian_provincial_elections&oldid=1130842400, This page was last edited on 1 January 2023, at 06:52. The major causes of Muslim Leagues's failure in the 1937 general Elections are as follows: 1. She was unanimously nominated as Chief Minister by her party and was ready to serve her second term. But Muslim League, which stood for separate electorates, was . , nd becomes more powerful under an absolute monarchy In Bombay, the Congress fell just short of gaining half the seats. I am a social activist and educationist. Access to the seas allowed Chinese people to trade with cultures from fa Your email address will not be published. He miscalculated that the separate electorates system, with a larger electorate, would produce good results for the Muslim League. 70 0 obj
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