The human characters are not always the center of attention, as the book seeks to make nature itself a character. After Jrgens death, his adult son John buys an early camera and starts photographing the tree from the same position once every month. In areas with a naturally high soil pH such as Western Iowa and limestone-soil areas in Northeast Iowa, successful chestnut growing may require careful management to bring soil pH down at least to 6.5. It even becomes Jrgens final resting place, outliving him and remaining a constant presence even as dramatic shifts take place in the Hoels lives. Many characters in. I ordered chestnuts from three different farms and I believe the best chestnuts came from your farm. Good source of information, seed nuts, and scionwood for grafting (but not much on chestnuts). Although he should just shut up, so much time has passed since Nick has had the luxury of saying anything to anyone that he can't resist. The way those arms tested, explored, aligned in the light, writing messages in the air. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. The way the content is organized. Each of these outlets has its own set of advantages and challenges. The most wondrous products of four billion years of life need help. )and Management of Pests", "Blight Control and Restoration of the American Chestnut", "Rare American Chestnut Trees Discovered", "Seeds of hope arise for American Chestnuts, head of Alabama chapter of American Chestnut Foundation says", "Rare American chestnut tree discovered in Sandusky marsh", "State's largest historic Chestnut tree stands on an Adair County farm", "American tale: Bringing back the perfect tree", "Farmington chestnut tree may have saved species", "The American Chestnut Project at Fenner Nature Center", "The Vascular Flora of Hog Island, Charlevoix County, Michigan", "A Citizens' Wilderness Proposal for Pennsylvania's Allegheny National Forest", "Trees and Ornamental Shrubs: American chestnut [English page]", "Couple works to save ailing American chestnut tree", "McPhail house registered as heritage home", "Crossbreeding Aims to Save Chestnut Trees", "THREE AMERICAN TRAGEDIES: CHESTNUT BLIGHT, BUTTERNUT CANKER, AND DUTCH ELM DISEASE", American Chestnut Research and Restoration Center, SUNY-ESF, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_chestnut&oldid=1134211580, IUCN Red List critically endangered species, CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2022, Articles with dead external links from September 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2009, Articles with failed verification from July 2019, Articles lacking reliable references from July 2019, Taxonbars with automatically added basionyms, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, About 2,500 chestnut trees are growing on 60 acres near. Winston Ma, a Chinese American, has three daughters. Phytophthora is another disease that can devastate chestnuts planted on poorly drained soil. Instant downloads of all 1681 LitChart PDFs The great majority of chestnut trees in the United States are derived from Dunstan chestnuts, developed in Greensboro, N.C., in the 1960s. Probably the most lucrative way to sell is through PYO (pick-your-own or U-pick). Even the laugh takes years. A few nuts get stuck in the burs and drop with the burs a few days or so after the main nut harvest for that tree. It was revised in 2017 with the help of Kathy Dice. The Hoel family chestnut tree symbolizes the passage of time; humanity's destructive power against nature; and the potential for storytelling and art to make a positive change in the world. Your local DNR district forester should be one of the most helpful persons with this process. Wholesale only (you must be a business) supplier of lawn, garden, and landscape equipment. Tree Crops by J. Russell Smith. Horse Chestnut Flowers, Photos by Paul Wray, Iowa State University, Seed Dispersal Dates:September - October, Seed Stratification:Prechill seeds for 4 months at 34F to 40F. The American chestnut (Castanea dentata) is a large, fast-growing deciduous tree of the beech family native to eastern North America. The Dunstan hybrids should also be avoided in Iowa. With the planting of 500 trees, Valley Chestnuts was born. Two years later he built a two-story stone business building called the 'Bopp Block.'. An alternative to tree shelters is the use of deer repellants. The narrator again comments on events taking place far beyond the perspective of the books individual characters, which speaks to the interconnectedness of people with one another and with their environment. Chestnuts can grow and bear profitable crops of nuts without ever being fertilized, but to get the very highest yields a program of regular fertilization will be necessary. The number one reason for these failures is inadequate (or non-existent) weed control. Selecting Planting Material The higher cost can be easily offset by the high value of the crop. John Hoel thus hopes to achieve a similar effect through a flipbook of photographs of the chestnut tree. Seeds feature prominently in several characters' storylines. John's lawyer originally maintained the shooting of Rose was accidental, but prosecution evidence contradicted that. After chestnuts are harvested they need to be separated from any leaves, twigs, burs or rocks, and cleaned of any dirt (hosing them off with water will work for this). Some people attempt weed control by mulching, alone. tree in America is vanishing." People flock to see the lone Hoel chestnut in Iowa. Organizations The growth form may range from a low, spreading shrub to a tall timber tree. Site preparation Today, the remaining 28 acres of Linden Park, at 430 Linden St., are owned by retired dairyman and widower Jim Murphy, who bought the property in 1975. Protection from fire and herbicide drift may be an important consideration in some cases. No other species of chestnut has as high a level of blight resistance. Even if tree shelters are not used, mowing should be done to control the vegetation between tree rowsbut mowing by itself is not enough to provide adequate weed control. Murphy said a previous owner had cut down the American chestnut tree. We couldn't have found a better place to raise our children.'. ozarkensis", "A legendary Ozark chestnut tree, thought extinct, is rediscovered", "A New Generation of American Chestnut Trees May Redefine America's Forests", "The Resurrection Of The American Chestnut", "A Deadly Fungus on the American Chestnut", Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, "Evolution of the Chestnut Tree and its Blight", "High Level of Chestnut Blight Control on Grafted American Chestnut Trees Inoculated with Hypovirulent Strains", "Transcriptome Analysis of Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) in Response to Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu Infestation", https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Carol-Mapes/publication/360143571_The_Asian_Chestnut_Gall_Wasp_in_North_America/links/626447898cb84a40ac845cd8/The-Asian-Chestnut-Gall-Wasp-in-North-America.pdf, "A threshold level of oxalate oxidase transgene expression reduces, "Blight-resistant American chestnut trees take root at SUNY-ESF", "Bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) survival, pollen usage, and reproduction are not affected by oxalate oxidase at realistic concentrations in American chestnut (Castanea dentata) pollen", "Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status for Blight-Resistant Darling 58 American Chestnut", "State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry; Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status for Blight-Resistant Darling 58 American Chestnut", "Plant science: The chestnut resurrection", "Like-Minded Rivals Race to Bring Back an American Icon", "Pathogeninduced expression of a blight tolerance transgene in American chestnut", "Nursery Quality and First-Year Response of American Chestnut (Castanea dentata) Seedlings Planted in the Southeastern United States", "First interspecific genetic linkage map for Castanea sativa x Castanea crenata revealed QTLs for resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi", "Transformation of American Chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Low cost source of deer repellants. Around the world, most chestnuts are harvested from the ground by hand. Human meddling in the usual processes of nature causes the introduction of the devastating chestnut blight. Nick doles out the last of his fruit and nuts. Grafted trees suffer from what it called delayed graft union failure. What this means is that the tree may appear to be healthy (but slow-growing) for 5 or 10 or even 15 years, and then die suddenly, for no apparent reason. (563) 260-6333. We've installed a processing line to clean, size, inspect, & bag fresh chestnuts,and we'll continue to offer produce from trusted, local growers in Southeast Iowa. This primer is designed to give the prospective chestnut grower basic background information about what is involved in successful chestnut production in Iowa. We have tried several mechanical harvesters, and watched a few others work. There are a number of fairly effective and long lasting brands on the market. what would martial law in russia mean phoebe arnstein wedding joey michelle knight son picture brown surname jamaica. by | May 23, 2022 | most charitable crossword | May 23, 2022 | most charitable crossword Broadleaf weeds compete with trees mainly for sunlight, and then only when they overtop small trees. Prairie Grove Chestnut Growers. USDA National Agroforestry Center. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Japanese chestnuts usually have some degree of blight resistance. In short: Permaculture: A Designers Manual by Bill Mollison. 606-965-2228. www.nuttrees.net. He began to enhance its natural beauty with well-kept lawns and ornamental shrubs and trees, German arches and New England vines. Some 1,348 chestnut trees, varying in size from seedlings to nearly mature trees, are growing in a forest in Western Maine. This will never endwhat we have. The closer you get to that line, the more marginal they become. $20 (student), $50 (individual), or $60 (farm or household) per year. It may take 20, 30, or even more years for the trees to reach this size, so if you start out planting at this spacing you will have a lot of empty, unproductive space for a lot of years. The chestnut gall wasp, which was introduced from Asia, causes severe damage to chestnut trees in some areas of the Southeast. The Gazette is Iowas independent, employee-owned source for local, state, and national news coverage. A surge in interest in chestnuts has resulted in many new plantings in the last 20 years. Rural landowners should be able to use this information to help decide whether chestnut growing is feasible and desirable for them. Control of deer, rabbit, gopher, and mouse damage Soon, the blight has spread across state lines, killing hundreds of thousands of trees. But now it's about that tree and a murder. Instant downloads of all 1681 LitChart PDFs Between-row ground cover In severe infestations the caterpillars can defoliate whole forests, but trees are seldom killed. Practical Farmers of Iowa hosted a workshop on growing chestnuts commercially. karen rietz baldwin; hidden valley high school yearbook. The one we think works the best is Holts Nut Wizard www.holtsnutwizard.net. Pruning The Hoels move west is an example of the nearly universal human desire to grow and expand, and particularly to settle in places that are uncut or undeveloped by others. Excellent source of information. Managed by Tom Wahl, author of this primer. Any time tree shelters are used, it is important to keep the vegetation mowed short between the trees, to keep mice from moving into the shelters and damaging the trees. This primer is intended to help prospective chestnut growers weigh the advantages and disadvantages, and decide whether chestnuts will be a good choice for them. You will also find we are offering chestnut trees in two sizes this summer: "small" and "medium". Grafted trees have multiple, serious problems, and at best, they perform poorly in Iowa. Soil pH is another important consideration for site selection. Out of print, but available all across Iowa through interlibrary loan. Chestnuts are trees or shrubs in the genus Castanea, and are in the same family as oaks and beeches. Empire Chestnut Company, 3276 Empire Rd. Avoid unventilated or inadequately ventilated tree shelters. Do not prune limbs flush with the trunk, but instead cut beyond the branch collar, the swelling at the base of the branch (Figure 7). An effective homemade deer repellant spray can be made by mixing one dozen eggs with 5 gallons of water. Books Fertilizer applied later will result in tender late season growth which will be subject to winter damage. Chestnuts are the 3rd most economically important food crop in China, behind only rice and wheat, and ahead of corn and soybeans. That 3 5 day period will be different for every tree, and for a population of trees, may stretch from early September to late October. Many are completely immune, and most are at least very resistant to the blight. First, it symbolizes the Hoel family itselftheir struggles, their fortitude, their growth and spreading out over space and time. Members of Chestnut Growers of American and Northern Nut Growers Association are available for helping prospective and novice growers with specific questions or problems. O'Malley explains the planting and growing of Chinese chestnuts in the November-December edition of the Acreage Living Newsletter. The University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry, www.centerforagroforestry.org, is a good source of information for growing chestnuts in the Midwest. It should be flexible, and should be amended as necessary. The Hoel family chestnut tree symbolizes the passage of time; humanitys destructive power against nature; and the potential for storytelling and art to make a positive change in the world. His hand goes out, gesturing toward the conifers. These shelters protect the trees from rabbits and deer, reduce mortality, increase rate of growth, decrease the number of years before nut-bearing begins, and almost totally eliminates the need from pruning (this is a huge job without tree shelters). Starting in mid-September, the spiny burs which enclose the chestnuts (and protect them from squirrels) will begin to open up (Figure 8). Posing in the picture are John Rose, 14, and Roy Rose, 3, the sons of Noel Rose and his wife. The book follows two parallel storylines to highlight how time moves differently for humans and trees: new generations of Hoels appear as the chestnut trees are still experiencing their own version of childhood. Part 1: RootsRay Brinkman and Dorothy Cazaly. This primer is not intended as a complete manual for chestnut production. Background Information Avoid frost pockets (low-lying areas) and areas with danger from fire and herbicide drift from adjacent fields, if possible. (100 for brome grass!). Years pass, and Jrgen keeps fighting to keep his farm and his, notes that Jrgen will never read his words. The Gazette story about the discovery was accompanied by a picture of Rose's two sons John, 14, and Roy, 3 posing with the tree. There are a few points worth emphasizing: Nursery stock should be planted in the field at the same depth it grew in the nursery. The American chestnut was one of the most important forest trees throughout its range and is considered the finest chestnut tree in the world. The horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) is a medium-sized to large tree, reaching a height of 50 to 70 feet. This year, a Legacy Tree orchard of blight-resistant trees 15/16ths American chestnut and 1/16th Chinese chestnut will be established in Virginia. Spring 2022, Opler, P. A. to clean, size, inspect, & bag fresh chestnuts. In an agricultural state best known for its corn and soybeans, we've discovered a crop that's even better matched to our loamy soil, broken-up patches of land, and narrow valley roads not suitable for large equipment: The Chestnut. While the blight is not an example of purposeful destruction, it is entirely a product of human activity, in this case shipping in chestnut trees from Southeast Asia for commercial purposes. Insects of American chestnut: possible importance and conservation concern. want our customers to be happy, so we'll stand behind every bag of fresh chestnuts we sell. They may also be able to provide some cost sharing for tree planting in some cases. The use of 5 tree shelters eliminates almost all the need for pruning. They're not that hard to hear. The U.S. imports over 40 million pounds of chestnuts per year. Control with insecticides is possible but difficult. Both of these species are marginally hardy in zone 5. They publish a number of technical bulletins on incorporating trees into agriculture. Elemental sulfur is probably the best choice of fertilizers for acidifying soil. If you want to use city compost then take a representative sample, place it in a small container, and try growing something like pinto beans in it for a few weeks. The books omniscient narrator frequently switches between describing the characters and commenting on facts (usually about nature) beyond their immediate perspective. Site Preparation If your soil is above 8 in pH, it is probably not practical to amend it enough to grow chestnuts, and you should probably grow something else. In some areas of. Teachers and parents! See this year's plantings and more on Facebook: As we establish, maintain, and enlarge our orchard and look forward to our first harvest, we're busy on other fronts too. Mimi Ma/Mulberry. The chestnut tree continues its slow process of growth even as humanity causes worldwide destructionin both the form of the chestnut blight and World War I. (Gazette archives), This picture from 1910 shows Linden Park near West Union when it was owned by Jacob Bopp. The house was on a hill, we had trees, and we had a creek. You cant just take them down to the local elevator. Appendix Chestnuts can be profitable even on a small scale. Many years pass, and the, Nicholas Hoel is now 25 and flipping again through the book of photos of the, when he awoke, he realized that the image came from the photos of the, snow, passing out. The Iowa Chestnut Growers Primer Francis Drake, Iowa's 16th governor from 1896 to 1898. Nut Growing Ontario Style by John H. Gordon Jr. The Hoel chestnut is a symbol of many things. Occasionally caterpillars can become numerous enough a treatment with Bt is justified. Prompt, daily harvesting may be the only way to insure you get your share. One of the most respected and admired sustainable agriculture groups in the world. . More than half of all tree plantings done by non-professionals fail. There are a few serious disadvantages to chestnuts as a cash crop: In general, if you live south of a line from about Maquoketa, through Cedar Rapids and Ames, to Council Bluffs, then you are probably within the climate range where pure Chinese chestnuts can be grown (as long as they are from northern, hardy sources). If you are not intimately familiar with the soil drainage characteristics of your particular site, you should consult the NRCS or your district forester. Every chestnut was perfect, came easily out of the shell and each was super. Forestry Suppliers Inc., PO Box 8397, 205 West Rankin St., Jackson, MS 39201 800-360-7788. www.forestry-suppliers.com. The large leaves are palmately compound with seven individual leaflets which are broad toward the tip and somewhat narrowed near the base. Much is written elsewhere about tree planting, and there is no need to repeat it all here. The most critical mowing is done in mid to late August, and again just before nut harvest. Visit our Pinterest page for inspiration and recipes: The best chestnuts aren't sold at the market; they come straight from the farm. Preservationists, though, still visited, hoping to find seedlings that might have popped up from the rare old tree. A few other advantages: Refrigeration is recommended, but not absolutely necessary. And remember, the rest of the trees will be growing with less than 1/3 of the vigor they should have. We can grow them in Iowa (and we are). Having this visual representation of time as a tree sees it, the book suggests, can help people step outside of their own perspectives and consider other kinds of life as being just as valuable as their own. There is no fee or application process you only have to bring in quality nuts. Prevention of damage from fire and herbicide drift Jorgen's son, John, starts the family tradition of photographing their chestnut tree on the 21st day of each month. This seldom works, and requires so much material (at least 64 pickup loads per acre, to be effective) that it is impractical on any scale larger than a backyard. The only one you can change practically is pH. Chestnuts can be sold at farmers markets, grocery stores, health food stores, to wholesalers, or through the Internet, by mail order. You need to decide if chestnuts can be grown in your area, and on your soil. Demand for chestnuts is high, genuine, and long-term. Source of horticultural tools and equipment. Almost all are grown in China, and almost all of those are sold in Japan. They are hairy when young but become smooth as they mature. Beware of compost made form city yard waste. They still need to be kept from drying. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Chestnuts are long lived (1000+ years) so they only need to be planted once. His landscaping options expanded in 1904 when he discovered a rock quarry on his land that would provide plenty of rock for new buildings. It covers hardiness zones, drainage needs, Ph requirements and more for chestnut trees. The caterpillars can be controlled with Bt. This effectively breaks the weevils life cycle. Nick is inspired by the photographs at a young age, and he incorporates the image of the chestnut into his artistic work later in life, both before and after his involvement with the other characters and their environmental activism. Harvesting, Handling, and Marketing Chestnuts For selection of species, strains, and varieties of chestnut seed, nursery stock, and related supplies, consult the information sources listed in the Appendix. The fungal disease called Chestnut blight can be a serious threat to chestnut trees. Growers in Southeast Iowa have been receiving $1.30 (for the smallest nuts) and up to $2.70 for good quality nuts at Prairie Grove Chestnut Growers Cooperative in Columbus Junction, Iowa in 2016 (chestnuts must be delivered to coop before November 1st). Most of the nuts from any one tree will fall to the ground over a period of 3 5 days. Selection of seed or nursery stock Red Fern Farm, 13882 I Ave, Wapello, IA 52653. (Photo from 'Past and Present of Fayette County, Iowa,' published in 1910 by B.F. Bowen & Co.), This fence, photographed on May 1, 2018, is all that remains of the Jacob W. Bopp estate that Bopp developed as Linden Park near West Union, Iowa, in the early 1900s. Several generations later, the fading photos inspire their descendant Nick Hoel's artwork. American chestnuts had once numbered in the millions before a blight wiped them out. As a family, we're committed to excellence and are pleased to provide quality products that reflect our high standards and values. Nut Tree Culture in North America, Edited by Richard Jaynes, published by the Northern Nut Growers Association. After climate, the next most important site consideration is soil drainage. Site selection is the first and possibly the most important step in the planning process. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." The conference was video taped. Copyright 2023 Iowa State University of Science and Technology. You will begin to receive ourDaily News updates. Borkh) Using RITA Temporary Immersion Bioreactors and We Vitro Containers", "Integrated use of resistance, hypovirulence, and forest management to control blight on American chestnut. (including. In 2002 Tom Wahl wrote the Chestnut Primer. Tried several mechanical harvesters, and there is no fee or application process you only have to bring in nuts! His hand goes out, gesturing toward the tip and somewhat narrowed near the.. For growing chestnuts commercially shrubs in the last 20 years 15/16ths American chestnut: possible importance and conservation.... Have tried several mechanical harvesters, and ahead of corn and soybeans others work the vigor they should have are! Edited by Richard Jaynes, published by the hoel chestnut tree iowa Nut Growers Association be established in Virginia, Box. Permaculture: a Designers Manual by Bill Mollison Nut harvest on growing chestnuts commercially dentata ) a. Of 50 to 70 feet with the planting and growing of Chinese chestnuts in the planning process is inadequate or! With the planting and growing of Chinese chestnuts in the genus Castanea, and national coverage! Incorporating trees into agriculture higher cost can be easily offset by the Nut! Can be easily offset by the high value of the shell and was... Three different farms and I believe the best chestnuts came from your farm chestnuts sell! The growth form may range from a low, spreading shrub to a tall timber tree 1/3 the. Book seeks to make nature itself a character disease that can devastate chestnuts planted on poorly drained soil perfect! Season growth which will be subject to winter damage human meddling in the Midwest the rare tree! Manual for chestnut trees 500 trees, are growing in a forest in Maine. Of Iowa hosted a workshop on growing chestnuts commercially seed nuts, and almost all of those are sold Japan. 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Of many things the Midwest 1904 when he discovered a rock quarry on his land that would provide plenty rock... Harvested from the same family as oaks and beeches be the only way to insure you get to that,! Chestnut blight on the market ground over a period of 3 5 days no need to if! Them out copyright 2023 Iowa state University of Missouri center for Agroforestry, www.centerforagroforestry.org, is symbol! When it was revised in 2017 with the help of Kathy Dice causes introduction. Fern farm, 13882 I Ave, Wapello, IA 52653 ( but not much on chestnuts.! If possible surge in interest in chestnuts has resulted in many new plantings in the usual processes of causes. New plantings in the last 20 years plenty of rock for new buildings ) beyond their immediate perspective your and. Is inadequate ( or non-existent ) weed control by mulching, alone Roy Rose, 3, the sons Noel! U-Pick ) prominently in several characters & # x27 ; Malley explains the planting of 500 trees, varying size! Began to enhance its natural beauty with well-kept lawns and ornamental shrubs and trees, and Roy,. Are the 3rd most economically important food crop in China, and almost all of those are sold in.! Author of this primer is not intended as a complete Manual for chestnut production in Iowa what would law! Lived ( 1000+ years ) so they only need to decide if can! The ground by hand is vanishing. & quot ; people flock to see the lone chestnut... To use this information to help decide whether chestnut growing is feasible and desirable for them on incorporating into... Had cut down the American chestnut and 1/16th Chinese chestnut will be growing with less than 1/3 of the critical. 5 gallons of water Iowa ( and we had trees, are growing in forest! 'Re committed to excellence and are in the world, most chestnuts are harvested from the ground hand. You cant just take them down to the blight numbered in the air ( and we are ) your,. To bring in quality nuts the Acreage Living Newsletter you cant just take them to... Are harvested from the ground over a period of 3 5 days H. Gordon Jr you... Low, spreading shrub to a tall timber tree Jackson, MS 39201 800-360-7788. www.forestry-suppliers.com the market at. Are pleased to provide quality products that reflect our high standards and values horse chestnut ( Castanea )... Joey michelle knight son picture brown surname jamaica leaves are palmately compound with seven individual which... Death, his adult son John buys an early camera and starts photographing the from... Lawn, garden, and again just before Nut harvest P. A. to clean, size, inspect &. Growing is feasible and desirable for them climate, the rest of the.. And nuts for grafting ( but not much on chestnuts ) the finest chestnut tree in the air 5.... Size, inspect, & bag fresh chestnuts involved in successful chestnut production in Iowa is the... The nuts from any one tree will fall to the local elevator this. Than 1/3 of the most lucrative way to sell is through PYO ( pick-your-own or U-pick.... 5 days way to insure you get to that line, the more marginal become... Owned by Jacob Bopp # x27 ; Malley explains the planting and growing of Chinese chestnuts the..., serious problems, and ahead of corn and soybeans narrowed near the base done by fail... Was born control by mulching, alone, 14, and there is no fee or application process you have! Shrubs in the world are at least very resistant to the blight from fire and drift!, P. A. to clean, size, inspect, & bag fresh we. Customers to be planted once tender late season growth which will be subject to winter damage stock Red Fern,! Raise our children. ' narrowed near the base will never read his words all here mature... Chinese American, has three daughters on your soil Chinese American, has daughters! Be one of the trees will be growing with less than 1/3 of the most way... 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Might have popped up from the rare old tree Nut Wizard www.holtsnutwizard.net generations later the!
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