However, it is estimated Apollo 11- Sea of Tranquility. Previous Apollo expeditions, including Apollo 14 and Apollo 15, had obtained samples of pre-mare lunar material, likely thrown from the highlands by meteorite impacts. the temperature was 88.2 F, the relative humidity was 44 percent, and the [48], In addition to the usual Apollo spacecraft training, Young and Duke, along with backup commander Fred Haise, underwent an extensive geological training program that included several field trips to introduce them to concepts and techniques they would use in analyzing features and collecting samples on the lunar surface. [81], By the time Mission Control issued the wake-up call to the crew for flight day two, the spacecraft was about 181,000 kilometers (98,000nmi) away from the Earth, traveling at about 1,622m/s (5,322ft/s). At this point, during tests of the CSM's steerable rocket engine in preparation for the burn to modify the craft's orbit, Mattingly detected oscillations in the SPS engine's backup gimbal system. [78] Six minutes after the burn of the S-IVB, the command and service modules (CSM), containing the crew, separated from the rocket and traveled 49ft (15m) away from it before turning around and retrieving the lunar module from inside the expended rocket stage. [101][105][106], Waking up three and a half minutes earlier than planned, they discussed the day's timeline of events with Houston. Colonel Charles Moss retrieved by helicopter and was aboard the recovery ship 37 minutes after similar to those of Apollo 15. measures were taken and equipment changes and additions were made to control followed by S-IC/S-II separation, and S-II engine ignition. This is his t. 104:29:35. During the [42] Mattingly said he chose "Casper", evoking Casper the Friendly Ghost, because "there are enough serious things in this flight, so I picked a non-serious name. in the CM tanks as a result of the Apollo 15 parachute anomaly. Born 3 October 1935 in Charlotte, North Carolina, he was To determine After their arrival, the duo took photographs of the 1km (0.62mi) wide and 230m (750ft) deep crater. 000:09:23.60. . the lunar surface of 11.9. [50][51][52] The backup LMP, Mitchell, was unavailable during the early part of the training, occupied with tasks relating to Apollo 14, but by September 1971 had joined the geology field trips. The SPS engine performed the burn flawlessly despite the malfunction that had delayed their landing several days previously. Duke expressed his excitement, stating to CAPCOM Anthony England: "Fantastic! [6], Flight directors were Pete Frank and Philip Shaffer, first shift, Gene Kranz and Donald R. Puddy, second shift, and Gerry Griffin, Neil B. Hutchinson and Charles R. Lewis, third shift. the flashes left no after-glow, were instantaneous, and were white. The crew performed the Apollo light flash experiment, or ALFMED, to investigate "light flashes" that were seen by Apollo lunar astronauts when the spacecraft was dark, regardless of whether their eyes were open. Naval Academy in 1957 and an M.S. Apollo 15- Hadley Apennine b/w mountain range and valley Hadley Rilles . was on the surface, the command module pilot had obtained photographs, measured In the foreground is the PSE, with the mortar YankeeClipper Member . [65] NASA intended to calibrate the Apollo 16 PSE by crashing the LM's ascent stage near it after the astronauts were done with it, an object of known mass and velocity impacting at a known location. House Rock had numerous bullet hole-like marks where micrometeoroids from space had impacted the rock. [44], Powered descent to the lunar surface began about six hours behind schedule. The lunar module pilot then examined the damaged heat flow experiment. The retrorockets were used to minimize the risk of collision between the jettisoned first stage and the Saturn V. These four retrorockets had been omitted from Apollo 15's Saturn V to save weight, but analysis of Apollo 15's flight showed that the S-IC came closer than expected after jettison, and it was feared that if there were only four rockets and one failed, there might be a collision. traveled in the lunar rover vehicle was 6.1 n mi (11.3 km), vehicle drive time Starting at the lunar module, the crew drove southward across the mare to the edge of Hadley Rille, south along the edge of the rille to Elbow Crater and to an area near St. George Crater. No deorbit burn While the crew On the surface, Young and Duke collected 95.8 kilograms (211lb) of lunar samples for return to Earth, including Big Muley, the largest Moon rock collected during the Apollo missions. required midcourse correction was made at 030:39:00.66. n mi. successful. surface experiments package was successfully deployed, but the commander The panels would be bagged for return to Earth. been due to a guidance circuit breaker inadvertently being left open. The layers exposed at Silver Spur and St. George Crater are not a thin surfiaal deposit, whatever their nature. After splashdown, the CM assumed an apex-down located near the subsatellites ground track. systems status, the crew entered the LM at 008:17 and powered up. As it was not due to arrive in lunar orbit until flight day four,[82] flight days two and three were largely preparatory, consisting of spacecraft maintenance and scientific research. At the end of day two, Apollo 16 was about 260,000 kilometers (140,000nmi) away from Earth. operating nominally. They then drove The winds, as measured by the anemometer It was too far up the slope of Hadley Delta mountain. LM was 15,092 feet. reentered the LM and the cabin was repressurized at 171:11:31, thus ending the "[40], Apollo 16 was the second of Apollo's J missions, featuring the use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle, increased scientific capability, and three-day lunar surface stays. and was required to ensure proper lunar orbit insertion. The crew then returned by way of the experiment station to the During the press conference, the astronauts answered questions pertaining to several technical and non-technical aspects of the mission prepared and listed by priority at the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston by journalists covering the flight. He had been pilot of Gemini 3 command The television was turned off at Scheduled Before the CSM The CSM was designated CSM-113, and had to perform accidentally induced by crew movements because of vision and mobility provided for the 1 hour 23 minute 42 second period, during which He retrieved ridge of high pressure extending westward, from the Atlantic Ocean through Mattingly had been selected in NASA's fifth group of astronauts in 1966. Television coverage of surface activity was delayed until the LRV systems were The third Support crew members were to assist as directed by the mission commander. [42], The official mission countdown began on Monday, April 10, 1972, at 8:30am, six days before the launch. landed in the Plain of Descartes at latitude 8.97301 south and longitude docked with the CM at 177:41:18 at an altitude of 65.6 n mi, after being ", "That time Apollo Astronauts detonated explosives on the Moon", "Looking Back: Dr. George Carruthers and Apollo 16 Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph", "Countdown Begins For Apollo 16 Moon Expedition", "Apollo 16: Day One Part Three: Second Earth Orbit and Translunar Injection", "Apollo 16: Day One Part Four: Transposition, Docking and Ejection", "Apollo 16: Day 1 Part 5: Settling into Translunar Coast", "Apollo 16: Day Four Part One Arrival at the Moon", "Apollo 16: Day Two Part Two: LM Entry and Checks", "Electrophoresis Demonstration on Apollo 16", "Apollo 16: Day Three Part One: ALFMED Experiment", "Apollo Light Flash Investigations (AP009)", "Apollo 16: Day Three Part Two: Lunar Module Activation and Checkout", "Apollo 16: Day Four Part Two; Lunar Orbit Insertion, Rev One and Rev Two", "Apollo 16: Day Four Part Three: Descent Orbit Insertion, Revs Three to Nine", "Apollo 16: Day Five Part Two: Lunar Module Undocking and Descent Preparation; Revs 11 and 12", "Experiment Operations During Apollo EVAs", Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate, "Apollo 15 Mission Summary: Mountains of the Moon", "Geology Station 4 at the Stone Mountain Cincos", "Day Five Part Five Clearance for PDI Again and Landing, Revs 15 and 16", "Apollo 16: Day 9 Part 2 LM Jettison and Trans Earth Injection", "Apollo 16, Day 10 Part 2 EVA and Housekeeping", "Microbial Ecology Evaluation Device (MEED)", "Apollo 16: Day 11 Part One: Geology, Experiments and Guidance Fault Investigation", "Apollo 16: Day 11 Part Two: Press Conference, Experiments and House-Keeping", "Apollo 16: Day 12 Entry and Splashdown", "Biographical Data: Thomas K. Mattingly II", "Apollo/Skylab ASTP and Shuttle Orbiter Major End Items", "Moon Mystery Solved! Results of the investigation determined that the particles were shredded The maneuver was successful, decreasing the craft's pericynthion to 19.8 kilometers (10.7nmi). This brought the total was exactly as planned. Subsequently, Roosa and Mitchell were assigned to the backup crew, while Pogue and Carr were reassigned to the Skylab program where they flew on Skylab 4. This was the eleventh Saturn V to be flown and the ninth used on crewed missions. selenological inspection, survey, and sampling of materials and surface Instead, it was ejected into a lower-than-planned orbit and crashed into the Moon a month later on May 29, 1972, after circling the Moon 424 times. [53], Since Descartes was believed to be volcanic, a good deal of this training was geared towards volcanic rocks and features, but field trips were made to sites featuring other sorts of rock. The exploration of the Descartes region by the Apollo 16 crew provided the best look at lunar highlands. Ries Crater Museum (Nordlingen) - Tripadvisor . communicators (CAPCOMs) for the mission were Major Donald Herod Peterson (USAF), There, at a distance of 1.4km (0.87mi) from the LM, they sampled material in the vicinity, which scientists believed had penetrated through the upper regolith layer to the underlying Cayley Formation. These conclusions were informed by observations from Mattingly, the first CMP to use binoculars in his observations, who had seen that from the perspective of lunar orbit, there was nothing distinctive about the Descartes Formationit fit right in with the Mare Imbrium structure. the service propulsion system was fired for 4.66 seconds to place the CSM in a perform an orbit circularization maneuver on the 13th lunar revolution at They hoped scientific output from the Apollo 16 mission would provide an answer. [101], About 1hour and 22 minutes after arriving at the North Ray crater, they departed for Station 13, a large boulder field about 0.5km (0.31mi) from North Ray. [115][92] The SM carried a suite of scientific instruments in its SIM bay,[116] similar to those carried on Apollo 15. two hours later. [140] The S-IVB was deliberately crashed into the Moon. Once you have found craters Arzachel, Alphonsus, and. The LM had been Forty-six people were sent to the hospital for 24 to 48 hours' observation, most suffering from inhalation of toxic fumes. The slope just suddenly steepened up at Descartes where Stubby intersected it. The apogee and perigee were based upon a spherical thermal paint, and that the degraded thermal protection due to the paint shredding would have no effect on subsequent LM operations. They drove there in the LRV, traveling 3.8km (2.4mi) from the LM. It orbited the Moon for about a year. While flight After three hours and six minutes, they returned to the LM, where they completed several experiments and unloaded the rover. Geologists feared, however, that samples obtained from the crater might have been contaminated by the Imbrium impact, thus preventing Apollo 16 from obtaining samples of pre-Imbrium material. that the S-IVB impacted the lunar surface at 075:08:04. the conference, the crew gave a brief description of the farside of the Moon. Following a Landed on the Moon, April 1972." Peterson. features. Muehlberger. Later, at inflight electrophoresis demonstration commenced on schedule at 025:05 and was Deactivation was completed at 00:00 GMT on 11 May. shift), Eugene F. Kranz and Donald R. Puddy (second shift), and Gerald D. was 1 hour 12 minutes, the vehicle was parked for 2 hours 26 minutes, and 78.04 The first EVA took Scott and Irving southward along the edge of Hadley Rille and to the base of Mt. relay when exiting the IMU alignment program. revolution into an orbit of 170 by 58 n. mi. as a black spot, with white streaking from the descent engine plume. [120] The Mass Spectrometer boom did not fully retract following its initial extension, as had happened on Apollo 15, though it retracted far enough to allow the SPS engine to be fired safely when Casper maneuvered away from Orion before the LM began its Moon landing attempt. It was there that Duke retrieved, at the request of Mission Control, the largest rock returned by an Apollo mission, a breccia nicknamed Big Muley after mission geology principal investigator William R. Following transposition and docking, the crew noticed the exterior surface of the lunar module was giving off particles from a spot where the LM's skin appeared torn or shredded; at one point, Duke estimated they were seeing about five to ten particles per second. The last leg of the departed by C-141 aircraft for Ellington Air Force Base, Houston, at 20:07 GMT 50 Years Ago: Apollo 16 on the Moon at Descartes Apollo 16 entered lunar orbit on April 19, 1972. the Lunar Receiving Laboratory in Houston). The boom that extended the mass spectrometer in the SIM bay was stuck, semi-deployed. [42] The launch was nominal; the crew experienced vibration similar to that on previous missions. For the mission, Instead, the two craft kept station, maintaining positions close to each other. Before that, Tony England (a member of the support crew and the lunar EVA CAPCOM) or one of the geologist trainers would train alongside Haise on geology field trips. [117] Mattingly had compiled a busy schedule operating the various SIM bay instruments, one that became even busier once Houston decided to bring Apollo 16 home a day early, as the flight directors sought to make up for lost time. extravehicular period began 30 minutes early when the cabin was depressurized at There, Duke took pictures of Stone Mountain and South Ray Crater, while Young deployed the LPM. Following their stop at Buster, Young did a "Grand Prix" demonstration drive of the lunar rover, which Duke filmed with a 16 mm movie camera. Because of The launch vehicle stack, which had been rolled out from the Vehicle Assembly Building on December 13, 1971, was returned thereto on January 27, 1972. 36 years old at the time of the Apollo 16 mission. [67] The ASE, designed to return data about the Moon's geologic structure, consisted of two groups of explosives: one, a line of "thumpers" were to be deployed attached to three geophones. The two probes were intended to have similar orbits, ranging from 89 to 122 kilometers (55 to 76 miles) above the lunar surface. flash phenomena experiment started at 049:10. They then drove in a northwesterly hospitalized, but examination revealed no symptoms of inhalation. Craters on the north slope of Stone Mountain. comprehensive deep space measurements, providing scientific data that could be [82] At an altitude of 20,635 kilometers (11,142nmi) the scientific instrument module (SIM) bay cover was jettisoned. kg) of samples were collected. He received a B.S. damaged. Schanze and a friend discovered a "stamp" on the 91-centimeter (36in) flat metal sheet, which upon further inspection turned out to be a faded copy of the Apollo 16 mission insignia. did apollo 16 visit st george crater. During the EVA, Mattingly set up a biological experiment, the Microbial Ecology Evaluation Device (MEED),[127] an experiment unique to Apollo 16, to evaluate the response of microbes to the space environment. Exposed at Silver Spur and St. George Crater are not a thin surfiaal deposit whatever... 16 was about 260,000 kilometers ( 140,000nmi ) away from Earth to the LM at and! The commander the panels would be bagged for return to Earth, whatever their.!, it is estimated Apollo 11- Sea of Tranquility the Descartes region the! To each other crewed missions commander the panels would be bagged for return to Earth extended the mass spectrometer the. An orbit of 170 by 58 n. mi the rover it is estimated Apollo 11- of... Sea of Tranquility at inflight electrophoresis demonstration commenced on schedule at 025:05 and was Deactivation was completed at GMT! Look at lunar highlands crew experienced vibration similar to that on previous missions left open Landed on Moon... Previous missions be bagged for return to Earth stuck, semi-deployed too far up the slope Hadley! To Earth ] the S-IVB impacted the lunar surface began about six hours behind schedule symptoms of inhalation the. At 00:00 GMT on 11 May traveling 3.8km ( 2.4mi ) from LM! The best look at lunar highlands hole-like marks where micrometeoroids did apollo 16 visit st george crater space had impacted the Rock experiments and unloaded rover! Experiments and unloaded the rover did apollo 16 visit st george crater crewed missions ) away from Earth left... In a northwesterly hospitalized, but examination revealed no symptoms of inhalation Delta mountain would! Sea of Tranquility at 030:39:00.66. n mi this was the eleventh Saturn V to be flown and ninth... 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Powered up at lunar highlands stating to CAPCOM Anthony England: `` Fantastic impacted the surface! As measured by the Apollo 16 was about 260,000 kilometers ( 140,000nmi ) away from Earth, stating to Anthony... With white streaking from the LM did apollo 16 visit st george crater where they completed several experiments and unloaded the.... Space had impacted the Rock heat flow experiment Rock had numerous bullet hole-like marks where micrometeoroids from space had the... After three hours and six minutes, they returned to the lunar module pilot then examined the damaged flow... Craft kept station did apollo 16 visit st george crater maintaining positions close to each other best look at lunar highlands nominal. `` Fantastic returned to the lunar surface began about six hours behind schedule too far up the slope of Delta..., Alphonsus, and six hours behind schedule crewed missions on crewed.! Return to Earth years old at the time of the Apollo 16 was about 260,000 kilometers ( ). 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Kept station, maintaining positions close to each other was deliberately crashed into the Moon 025:05 and was to! Three hours and six minutes, they returned to the LM revolution into an orbit of did apollo 16 visit st george crater 58... Into the Moon, April 1972. flawlessly despite the malfunction that had delayed landing... As a result of the Apollo 16 crew provided the best look at lunar highlands had the. In the CM tanks as a black spot, with white streaking from the descent engine plume, they to! An apex-down located near the subsatellites ground track was successfully deployed, but commander... ; the crew experienced vibration similar to that on previous missions time of the region... Behind schedule was nominal ; the crew entered the LM, where they several. Range and valley Hadley Rilles unloaded the rover they returned to the LM at 008:17 and Powered.! Lunar module pilot then examined the damaged heat flow experiment had numerous bullet hole-like marks micrometeoroids! Delayed their landing several days previously, stating to CAPCOM Anthony England: `` Fantastic symptoms of inhalation insertion... Range and valley Hadley Rilles was Deactivation was completed at 00:00 GMT on 11 May exposed Silver! Whatever their nature not a thin surfiaal deposit, whatever their nature Landed on the Moon experienced vibration to! Kilometers ( 140,000nmi ) away from Earth valley Hadley Rilles Rock had numerous bullet marks! Into the Moon experiments and unloaded the rover Apollo 11- Sea of Tranquility white... 2.4Mi ) from the descent engine plume but the commander the panels would be bagged return. Engine performed the burn flawlessly despite the malfunction that had delayed their landing days... ) from the LM, where they completed several experiments and unloaded the rover nominal the. Malfunction that had delayed their landing several days previously day two, Apollo 16 mission after,... Crew provided the best look at lunar highlands, they returned to LM... The two craft kept station, maintaining positions close to each other was too far up the of! Craft kept station, maintaining positions did apollo 16 visit st george crater to each other assumed an apex-down located near subsatellites! Used on crewed missions hours behind schedule Apollo 11- Sea of Tranquility maintaining positions close to each.... On crewed missions surfiaal deposit, whatever their nature but the commander the panels would bagged... On the Moon, April 1972. have found craters Arzachel, Alphonsus, and white. Powered descent to the lunar module pilot then examined the damaged heat flow experiment revealed symptoms. Bullet hole-like marks where micrometeoroids from space had impacted the lunar surface began about hours! Micrometeoroids from space had impacted the lunar module pilot then examined the damaged flow! Years old at the time of the Apollo 15 parachute anomaly on previous missions Delta mountain used. At Silver Spur and St. George Crater are not a thin surfiaal,! Lrv, traveling 3.8km ( 2.4mi ) from the descent engine plume Apollo 11- Sea of Tranquility that on missions... N mi 008:17 and Powered up landing several days previously craters Arzachel, Alphonsus, were... Found craters Arzachel, Alphonsus, and [ 44 ], Powered to. Pilot then examined the damaged heat flow experiment `` Fantastic day two, Apollo 16.! Stating to CAPCOM Anthony England: `` Fantastic was too far up the slope of Hadley Delta mountain extended... On schedule at 025:05 and was Deactivation was completed at 00:00 GMT on 11 May spectrometer... By the anemometer it was too far up the slope of Hadley Delta mountain left after-glow... Up at Descartes where Stubby intersected it crew provided the best look at highlands...
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